Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

FTM2 > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of a typical neuron: Cell body

A

Also called: perikaryon/soma
Portion of the cell with the nucleus and other organelles (Nissl bodies-rER)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Structure of a typical neuron: Nerve fibers-Dendrite

A
  1. Unmyelinated extension from a cell body
  2. Receive stimulus from the environment
  3. Contains cytoplasmic contants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Structure of a typical neuron: Nerve fibers- Axon

A
  1. Myelinated neuronal process
  2. Output portion
  3. Contains microtubules, microfilaments, mitochondria, vesicles with proteins (NTs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Classification of Neurons by Function: Motor-Efferent

A
  1. Conveys impules to effector cells
  2. Somatic-voluntary OR
  3. Visceral: smooth cardiac muscle
  4. Typically multipolar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Classification of Neurons by Function: Sensory-Afferent

A
  1. Conveys impules from receptors for integration
  2. Somatic: pain, temp, touch, pressure, proprioception
  3. Visceral: distention, ischemia, inflammation-Glands, BVs
  4. Typically pseudounipolar for general senses
  5. Bipolar special senses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Classification of Neurons by Function: Interneurons

A
  1. Communication and Integration between sensory and motor neurons (tendon reflexes)
  2. Multipolar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Axonal Transport definition

A

Bidirectional movement of material between the cell body and process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Axonal Transport Anterograde

A
  1. Towards synapse
  2. Kinesin
  3. Can be slow or fast
  4. Flow of synpatic vesicles, organelles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Axonal Transport: Retrograde

A
  1. FAST ONLY
  2. Towards the cell body
  3. Dynein
  4. Flow of recycled membrane vesicles, neuromodulators

Route used by toxins/viruses to enter the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ganglia

A

Clusters of nerve cell bodies in the PNS
Sensory ganglia:
1. Carry data into the CNS
2. Location: craniospinal DRG, cranial nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Autonomic Ganglia

A

Carry data to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
Subclasses of Sympathetic, Parasympathetic, Enteric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sympathetic Ganglia

A
  1. Location: Prevertebral (anterior to the aorta), paravertebral (in the sympathetic chain)
  2. Dispersed multipolar cell bodies
  3. Random bundles of fibers mingled w/ soma
  4. Synapsing occurs BETWEEN neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parasympathetic Ganglia

A
  1. Located close to organs-innervated by postsynaptic neurons
  2. Cell bodies clumped together
  3. Afferent/Efferent nerve fibers present
  4. Large-Euchromatic nuclei w/ prominent nucleolus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Neuroglia

A

Non-neuronal support cells
Fx: support, insulate, or nourish neurons
Can be found in both CNS/PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Myelinated neurons in PNS-ONE axon
Fx:
1. Provide support for both myelinated and unmyelinated axons
2. Clean up debris
3. Scaffolding for regeneration of nerve tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Satellite Cells

A
  1. Small cuboidal cells that surround cell body of neurons in PNS
  2. Regulated metabolic exchange
  3. Electrical insulator

Does NOT make myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Demyelinating Disease in the PNS name and key characteristics

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome
1. Post-infectious peripheral polyneuropathy
2. Large accumulation of lymphoctyes, macrophages and plasma cells
3. Ascending muscle weakness and loss of coordination.

18
Q

Demyelinating Disease in the CNS name and key characteristics

A

Multiple Sclerosis
1. Myelin is detached from the axon and destroyed (oligodendrocytes)
3 main histological stages:
1. Plaque formation-myelin breakdown causes lymphocytes and macrophages to come to infected area
2. Proliferation of astrocytes
3. Reduced cellularity, astrocytes reduce in size

19
Q

What is a collection of axons in the CNS called?

A

Tract

20
Q

What is so unique about th Perineurium?

A

Sheath of unique connective tissue cells called epithelioid myofibroblasts.

They have contractile propery-numerous actin microfilaments.
Restrict passage to form BNB

BNB=Blood nerve barrier

21
Q

What is the Cerebrum covered by?

A

PIA mater

22
Q

Connective tissue of the CNS-deep to superficial (3)

A

THINK “PAD”
1. Pia Mater: lies directly on brain and spinal cord. Interacts w/ ependymal cells to form choroid plexus. LCT
2. Arachnoid Mater LCT. Lined by back to back simple squamous epithelium. Avascular. Projects into the sinus to drain CSF into the blood stream
3. Dura Mater. DCT. Vascular. In the cranium forms the dural venous sinuses. Innervated

LCT=loose connective tissue

23
Q

Astrocytes: Protoplasmic

A
  1. Prevalent in the gray matter
  2. Branching cytoplasmic processes
    3.Maintain the blood-CSF barrier
24
Q

Astrocytes: Fibrous

A
  1. Prevalent in white matter
  2. Straight cytoplasmic processes
25
Q

Astrocytes: BOTH types

A
  1. Contain GFAP to provide structural support/strength to cells
  2. Maintain Blood-brain barrier
  3. Protect bare areas of neurons
  4. Support/regulate movement of metabolites/waste
26
Q

Microglia

A
  1. Smallest type of central neuroglia
  2. Originate from blood cell line
  3. Phagocytic properties
  4. Cytoplasm contains lots of lysosomes, vesicles and inclusion bodies
27
Q

Ependymal Cells

A
  1. Epithelium lining of the CNS cavaties-ventricles of the brain, central canal of the spinal cord
  2. Single layer of cuboidal to columnar
  3. Found in choroid plexus: secrete CSF
  4. Well developed apical complexes: have cilia, microvilli, basal infoldings for transport, absorption, secretion
    5.
28
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A
  1. Myelinate axons in the CNS
  2. One oligodendrocyte myelinates portions of SEVERAL axons
  3. Larger nodes of Ranvier-increases efficiency of nerve conduction
29
Q

Brain/Cerebrum: White Matter/Medulla

A
  1. Inner core of brain tissue
  2. Contains: Axons (tracts)-associated with glial cells, BV
30
Q

Brain/Cerebrum: Gray Matter/Cerebral Cortex

A
  1. Outer layer/periphery of brain
  2. Site of synapses
  3. Contains: Cell bodies, axons, dendrites, central glial cells
  4. Nuclei: collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS
31
Q

What is the main cell type in the Cerebral Cortex?

A

Pyramidal Cells
Found in layers III, V

32
Q

What are the 6 layers of the Cerbral Cortex?

A
  1. Molecular layer
  2. External granular layer
  3. External pyramidal cell layer
  4. Internal granular layer
  5. Ganglionic Layer (internal pyramidal cells)
  6. Multiform (polymorphic cell layer)
33
Q

What are the 3 layers of the Cerebellum?

In Grey Matter

A
  1. Molecular layer (outer): stellate and basket cells
  2. Purkinje Cell Layer (middle): single layer of motor neurons
  3. Granular cell layer (inner): granule cells, type II Golgi cells

White matter: Inner core, axons forms tracts to other parts of the CNS

34
Q

Cerebellar Cotex: Purkinje Cells

A
  1. Middle layer
  2. An apical dendrite that arborizes in the molecular layer
  3. Single axon that extends into the granular layer

Arborizes: branch freely

35
Q

Cerebellar Cortex: Granule Cells

A
  1. Located in the innermost layer
  2. Project into molecular layer and connect with dendrites of Purkinje cell via parallel fibers in the molecular layer
  3. Carry excitatory signals to the cerebellum
36
Q

Choroid Plexus

A
  1. Vascularized structure: invaginated folds of pia mater containing tufts of fenestrated capillaries
  2. Covered by simple cuboidal ependymal cells
  3. Aries from the walls of four ventricles of the brain
  4. RESPONSIBLE FOR CSF production
    5.
37
Q

Tight junctions between the ependymal cells form what?

A

Blood-CSF barrier

38
Q

Blood-Brain-Barrier Components and importance

A

Components:
1. Continuous capillaries w/ tigh junctions between endothelial cells. Continuous basal lamina. NO fenestrations
2. Foot processes of astrocytes: surround the basal lamina of the capillaries and neurons
3. Neuronal processes: mostly in contact w/ astrocytes

39
Q

Spinal Cord Gray/White Matter

A

Gray Matter: inner core, butterfly-shaped. Cell bodies of motor neurons, dendritic and axonal prcoesses and glial cells (neuropil)

White Matter: Peripheral tissue. Unmyelinated/myelinated fibers form tracts

40
Q

Where are each of the neurons present in. Bipolar? Pseudounipolar? Multipolar?

A

Bipolar: Special senses

Pseudounipolar: Ganglion

Multipolar: motor/interneurons

Interneurons found in CNS

FTM2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions