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FTM2 > Autonomics > Flashcards

Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Adrenergic, noradrenergic definition

A

A nerve ending that releases norepinephrine as the primary transmitter, or a synpase where norepi is the primary transmitter

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2
Q

Adrenoceptor, adrenergic receptor

A

A receptor that binds and is activated by catecholamines-and related drugs

Norepi, epi, dopamine

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3
Q

Baroreceptor reflex

A

Homeostatic mechanism that maintains a constant mean arterial blood pressure

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4
Q

Cholinergic

A

Acetylcholine both releases or synapse as the primary NT

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5
Q

Cholinoceptor, cholinergic receptor

A

Receptor that binds to Acetycholine and related drugs

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6
Q

Dopaminergic

A

Dopamine is the primary NT

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7
Q

Nonadrenergic (NANC)

A

Nerve fibers associated with autonomic nerves that release ANY OTHER NT than ACTH/Norepinephrine

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8
Q

Sympathetic Nervous system

A

Origin: TI-L2: Thoracolumbar region-Lateral horn
Short cholinergic pre-Long adrenergic Post
Ganglia located near CNS
Ratio of pre to post fibers: 1:20
Primary NT of postganglionic neurons is:NorEpi

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9
Q

Muscarinic Receptors of the PNS

M1, M3, M5

A

Activated by ACh
Leads to activation of Gq protein
PIP2–> IP3, DAG
DAG–>increase protein kinase C
IP3–> releases Ca2+ and leads to cellular contraction

Phospholipase C pathway

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10
Q

Muscarinic Receptors of the PNS

M2, M4

A

Activation of Gi protein by ACh.
Decrease in adenyl cyclase
Decrease in cAMP levels
Leads to hyperpolarization d/t opening of K+ channels

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11
Q

Sweat Gland exception

A

Uses M3 receptor from sympathetic innervation

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12
Q

Renal Vascular Tissue Exception

A

Uses dopaminergic-1 receptors (sympathetic)

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13
Q

Adrenal Medulla Exception

A

No post-ganglionic innervation
Pre-Ganglionic sympathetic axons synapse on chromaffin cells

Clinical Correlate: Pheochromocytoma-abnormal amts of chromaffin cells. Can lead to Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia or Von Hippel Lindau

MEN Syndrome/ VHL

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14
Q

What does ingestion of Oragnophosphate Compounds do?

Insecticides

A

Irreversibly inhibit Acetycholinesterase
Muscarinic: diarrhea, urination, miosis (pin point)
Nicotinic: skeletal muscle paralysis
CNS effects: lethary, seizures, coma, RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION

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15
Q

Organization of PNS- sensory

A
  1. Sensory neurons arise principally in the skin or joints.
  2. Cell bodies and nuclei in the dorsal root ganglia and project onto neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord
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16
Q

M2 Location, function/effect/signal mechanism

A

Location: HEART mainly in the atria
Function: decrease HR/contractility of atria
Gi-protein: decrease cAMP

Example: stimulation of the vagus nerve to the heart slows HR and conduction

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17
Q

Alpha 1 receptor: Location, function/effect/signal mechanism

Vascular Smooth Muscle

A

Function/Effect: smooth muscle contraction
Gq-protein: Increase IP3/DAG/Ca2+

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18
Q

Alpha 1 receptor: Function/effect/signal mechanism

EYE

A

Dilator pupillae muscle
Function: Pupillary dilation
Gq-protein: Increase IP3/DAG/Ca2+

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19
Q

Alpha 1 receptor: Function/effect/signal mechanism

Intestine and bladder

A

Instestinal and bladder sphincter contraction
Gq-protein: Increase IP3/DAG/Ca2+

20
Q

Alpha 1 receptor: Function/effect/signal mechanism

Arrector pili muscle of skin

A

Piloerection
Gq-protein: Increase IP3/DAG/Ca2+

21
Q

Beta-1 Receptors Location/Function/Signal mechanism

Heart

A

Effect: Increase HR/ Contractility
Gs protein: increase cAMP

22
Q

Beta-1 Receptors Location/Function/Signal mechanism

Kidney (Juxtagolemerular Cells)

A

Increase Renin Release
Gs protein: increase cAMP

23
Q

Beta-1 Receptors Location/Function/Signal mechanism

Adipocytes

A

Increase Lipolysis
Gs protein: increase cAMP

24
Q

Beta-1 Receptors Location/Function/Signal mechanism

Ciliary Epithelium

A

Increase aqeuous humor production
Gs protein: increase cAMP

25
Q

Beta 2-receptors: Function/Signal mechanism

Bronchial Smooth Muscle

A

Bronchial dilation
Gs protein: increase cAMP

26
Q

Beta 2-receptors: Function/Signal mechanism

Blood vessels of skeletal muscles

A

Vasodilation
Gs protein: increase cAMP

27
Q

Beta 2-receptors: Function/Signal mechanism

Uterine smooth muscle (myometrium)

A

Decrease in uterine tone
Gs protein: increase cAMP

28
Q

Beta 2-receptors: Function/Signal mechanism

Ciliary Epithelium

A

Increase Aqueous Humor production
Gs protein: increase cAMP

29
Q

Beta 3 receptor: Function/Signal Mechanism

Brown Adipose Tissue

A

Thermogenesis: Lipolysis
Gs protein: increase cAMP

30
Q

Alpha 2-receptors: Function/Signal Mechanism

Presynaptic Nerve Terminal (neurons)

A

Decrease NE release
GI protein: Decrease cAMP

31
Q

Alpha 2 receptor: Function/Signal Mechanism

Pancreatic B-cells

A

Decrease insulin release
GI: decrease cAMP

32
Q

M3: Function/Signal Mechanism

Exocrine glands

A

Function: increase gland secretions (lacrimal, sweat, salivary, gastric acid)
Gq-protein: Increase IP3/DAG/Ca2+

33
Q

M3: Function/Signal Mechanism

Pancreatic B Cells

A

Increase insulin release
Gq-protein: Increase IP3/DAG/Ca2+

34
Q

M3: Function/Signal Mechanism

GI Smooth Muscle

A

Increase peristalsis
Gq-protein: Increase IP3/DAG/Ca2+

35
Q

M3: Function/Signal Mechanism

Detrusor Muscle

A

Increase bladder contraction
Gq-protein: Increase IP3/DAG/Ca2+

36
Q

M3: Function/Signal Mechanism

EYE: pupillary sphincter muscle, ciliary muscle

A

Pupillary constrction and accomodation
Gq-protein: Increase IP3/DAG/Ca2+

37
Q

M3: Function/Signal Mechanism

Bronchial Smooth Muscle

A

Bronchial Constriction
Gq-protein: Increase IP3/DAG/Ca2+

38
Q

M3: Function/Signal Mechanism

Endothelial Cells

A

Endothelium NO-mediated vasoldilation
Gq-protein: Increase IP3/DAG/Ca2+

39
Q

M1: function/signal mechanism

Brain (neurons)

A

Higher cognitive functions
Gq-protein: Increase IP3/DAG/Ca2+

40
Q

M1: function/signal mechanism

Autonomic ganglia (neurons)

A

Stimulates enteric nervous system
Gq-protein: Increase IP3/DAG/Ca2+

41
Q

Effector Organ/ Predominant Tone/Effect if predominate tone lost

Blood Vessels

A

Sympathetic

IF LOST: Hypotension

42
Q

Effector Organ/ Predominant Tone/Effect if predominate tone lost

Heart SA node

A

Parasympathetic

IF LOST: Increase HR

43
Q

Effector Organ/ Predominant Tone/Effect if predominate tone lost

Heart Ventricles

A

Sympathetic

IF LOST: Decrease contractility

44
Q

Effector Organ/ Predominant Tone/Effect if predominate tone lost

GI tract

A

Parasympathetic

IF LOST: Decrease motility/secretions

45
Q

Effector Organ/ Predominant Tone/Effect if predominate tone lost

Iris of the Eye

A

Parasympathetic

IF LOST: Dilated pupil (mydriasis)

FTM2 (10 decks)

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