Nervous Tissue 1:

Question 1

What are the 3 anatomic parts of nervous system and what do they contain?

Answer 1

Central Nervous System:
Brain and Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nervous System:
Cranial Nerves, Spinal Nerves
Afferent sensitives and Efferent Motors

Autonomic Nervous System:
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

Question 2

What are the two types of neurons in the CNS that regenerate along the life:

Answer 2

Olfactory
Hippocampus

Question 3

What is a pericaryon?

Answer 3

The neuron cell body

Question 4

What are some properties that are specific to neurons?

Answer 4

A very well developed endoplasmic reticulum (ER):
So well developed we can see it

ER can disappear if the neurons connections are taken away

Golgi also very developed

Neuron rich in mitochondria

Question 5

What are corps de Nissl?

Answer 5

Parts of the cytoplasm that we can see due to a well developped ER

Question 5

What is lipofuscin?

Answer 5

action des lysosomes qui s’accumulent avec l’âge

Question 5

What is one cytoplasmic component that we do not find in axons?

What does this mean for the axon?

Answer 5

Ribosomes

As such all of the products are created in the neuron body and sent to the axon

Question 6

What are microtubules?

Answer 6

Proteins that allow transportation of molecules in the neuron

The transportation is bidirectional:

Retrograde → from axon to body

Anterograde → from body to axon

Question 7

Difference between slow and fast anterograde flux?

Answer 7

Flux anterograde lent: Important in healing of the axon

Flux anterograde rapide: important for vesicles, mitochondria and other proteins

Question 8

What are the main protein transporters for retro and antero transportation?

Answer 8

Kinesin for anterograde

Dynein for retrograde

Question 9

What are some properties of Dendrites?

Answer 9

No myelin

Dendrites contain endoplasmic reticulum

Each “epine dendritique” will get information from one single axon

Question 10

What kind of flow do we find in electrical synapses?

Answer 10

bi-directional

Question 11

What are the three neuron morphologies and where do we find each?

Answer 11

When we say multi we are talking about the dendrites

Multipolar

Motor neurons (pyramidal)

Pyramidal neurons have many dendritic projections

Bipolar
Sensoriel neurons (olfaction. hearing, taste)

Pseudo-unipolar

Continued dendrite to axon

Sensitive neurons

Question 12

Role of astrocytes:

Answer 12

Their main role is support however they also play an important role in neuron activity

• Control the environment of the neurons
• Can bring nearby blood vessels towards the neuron

They also contribute in the creation of the brain blood barrier:

Barriere hemato-encephalique

This barrier can also block medicine to pass the the brain

The astrocites will only be in contact with non myelinated portions of the neuron

• Dendrites
• Synapses

Synaptic transmission role:

• Astrocyte can pick up any excess molecules to prevent hyper-excitation

Question 13

Role of ependyme

Answer 13

Cells that line all of the ventricles of the brain

Produce the liquide cephalo-rachidien: Plexus choroide

Reabsorb it

Important in orienting the liquide cephalorachidien

Question 14

What are satellite cells?

Answer 14

Satellite cells are glial cells found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). They provide support to neurons, regulate the microenvironment, maintain ion balance, and assist in nutrient exchange. They also modulate neuron activity and respond to injury or inflammation in the PNS.

Question 15

Is the chemical composition of schwan and oligodendricytes the same?

Answer 15

No, that is why some diseases will target one and some the other

Question 16

If you have an axon covered by schwan cells but not myelinated what is this?

Answer 16

The schwan cell is covering a bunch of non-myelinated axons (like pain fibers) to protect them

Question 17

1. Quel est le rôle du flux axoplasmique dans les neurones?
   
   • A) Formation de la gaine de myéline
   • B) Synthèse des protéines
   • C) Transport des molécules à travers l’axone
   • D) Transmission synaptique

Answer 17

• C) Transport des molécules à travers l’axone

Question 18

2. What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in neurons?
   
   • A) Protein synthesis
   • B) Synaptic transmission
   • C) Myelination
   • D) Neuron multiplication

Answer 18

• A) Protein synthesis

Question 19

8. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline?
   
   • A) Parasympathetic
   • B) Sympathetic

Answer 19

Sympathetic

Question 20

1. Which cells line the ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid?
   
   • A) Astrocytes
   • B) Oligodendrocytes
   • C) Ependymal cells
   • D) Schwann cells

Answer 20

Ependymal cells