Nervous System VI

Question 1

Meningeal Coverings

Answer 1

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Layer

Pia Mater

Question 2

Dura Mater Layers

Answer 2

Periosteal - Outer Layer

Meningeal - Inner Layer of Dura

Question 3

Arachnoid Layer

Answer 3

Middle Layer

Question 4

Pia Mater

Answer 4

Inner Layer

Question 5

Dividers of the Brain

Answer 5

Falx Cerebri

Tentorium Cerebelli

Falx Cerebelli

Question 6

Falx Cerebri

Answer 6

Separates the left and right cerebral hemisphers

Question 7

Tentorium Cerebelli

Answer 7

Tent Covering the top of cerebellum

Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

Question 8

Falx Cerebelli

Answer 8

Separates the left and right cerebellar halves

Question 9

Ventricles of the Brain

Answer 9

cavities or spaces within the brain that contain or house the CSF. CSF is produced in these ventricles and is transported in the brain

Question 10

Septum Pellucidem

Answer 10

The divider between the left and right halves of the ventricles

Question 11

CSF Flow

Answer 11

Goes from Lateral Ventrical to Interventricular Foramen to 3rd Ventricle to the Aqueduct of Sylvius to the 4th Ventricle then out the 3 holes to outside of the spinal cord and into the brain and ends up in the sub-arachnoid space

Question 12

CSF Fluid Formation

Answer 12

produced by Choroid plexus

Question 13

Choroid Plexus

Answer 13

Group of capillary beds that produce the CSF from the blood

Question 14

4 Functions of CSF

Answer 14

1. Serves as shock absorber for the brain
2. Involved in transporting nutrients and waste products to and from the brain
3. Provides support for the brain tissue
4. Main component that passes through blood brain barrier

Question 15

Blood Brain Barrier

Answer 15

A protective barrier that prevents certain components of the blood from entering the CSF, while allowing others to freely pass through

Question 16

Components of Blood Brain Barrier

Answer 16

Freely Pass

Slowly Pass

Impermeable

Question 17

What can “Freely Pass”

Answer 17

H2O, Oxygen, Glucose

Question 18

What can “Slowly Pass”

Answer 18

Things that slowly pass through

Ex: Insulin, Sucrose, Creatinine

Question 19

What can be “Impermeable”

Answer 19

Most antibiotics, most larger proteins, most toxins

Question 20

Why Capillaries of the Choroid Plexus Different

Answer 20

1. Walls are more densely packed
2. Support Cells, glial cells are more tightly packed
3. Basement membrane is continuous

Question 21

Two Places where material can move through these cells

Answer 21

Intercellular clefts

Endothelial Cells of Capillaries beds

Question 22

Why are CSF produced?

Answer 22

Because the pressure in the capillaries are greater than the pressure in the ventricles. Blood will flow from areas of higher pressure to lower pressure

Question 23

Arachnoid Villi

Answer 23

Arachnoid Layer that project or punch through the meningeal layer of the dura

Question 24

Dural Sinus above and below contain what?

Answer 24

Venous Blood

Question 25

Venous Blood

Answer 25

Blood down in the veins, unoxygenated

Question 26

Return of CSF to Venous System

Answer 26

CSF returns to the venous blood via the Arachnoid Villi and dumps into the dural sinuses, which is basically a venous drainage system

Question 27

Where is the venous drainage system

Answer 27

Located between the two dural layers that drains into the internal jugular veins and eventually into the heart

Question 28

4 Main Parts of the Brain

Answer 28

Brain Stem Diencephalon Cerebellum Cerebrum

Question 29

Brain Stem

Answer 29

Involved in lower function tasks | Ex: Respiration, Heart Rate

Question 30

Parts of the Brain Stem

Answer 30

Mid Brain Pons Medulla Oblongota

Question 31

Mid Brain

Answer 31

Upper Part of the brain stem. Most superior, located just below third ventricle

Question 32

Functions of Mid Brain

Answer 32

Processes sight and hearing info Produces involuntary skeletal motor response (reaction to a slam on the table) Helps maintain consciousness. Increase level of consciousness

Question 33

Pons

Answer 33

"Bridge" Below midbrain

Question 34

Functions of Pons

Answer 34

Serves as sensory relay to the cerebellum and thalamus Controls involuntary skeletal and visceral motor function

Question 35

Medulla Oblongota (Location in the brain)

Answer 35

Below Pons

Question 36

Functions of Medulla Oblongota

Answer 36

Sensory relay to the thalamus Contains centers for visceral functions Ex: Respiration, heart rate, vessel tone, digestion Location for the pyramidal deccusation (crossing fibers for the corticospinal tract) Anterior aspect of the Medulla Oblongota

Question 37

What is Diencephalon

Answer 37

Two Brains

Question 38

Parts of Diencephalon

Answer 38

Thalamus Hypothalamus Reticulated Formation

Question 39

Thalamus (Location in the brain)

Answer 39

Above Midbrain and lateral and inferior to lateral ventricle

Question 40

Functions of Thalamus

Answer 40

Serves as a relay and processing center for sensory information Ex: General sensation, touch, pain, pressure, proprioception

Question 41

Hypothalamus (Location in the brain)

Answer 41

Below Thalamus of either side of 3rd Ventricle

Question 42

Functions of Hypothalamus

Answer 42

Controls emotion, autonomic function and hormone production | Ex: Thirst, sex drive, appetite, heart rate, and blood pressure

Question 43

What is Reticulated Formation

Answer 43

Network of nerves that interconnects the diencephalon with the brain stem and higher centers of the brain

Question 44

Functions of Reticulated Formation

Answer 44

Helps coordinate activities like sneezing, hiccups, vessel diameter, control coughing, regulates heart rate

Question 45

Cerebellum (Location in the brain)

Answer 45

Two halves occupy the inferior, posterior aspect of the cranium below tentorium cerebelli, joined in the middle by the vermis(worm)

Question 46

Fuctions of Cerebellum

Answer 46

Involved in subconscious movement of skeletal muscle specific things Posture, Coordination, and Balance

Question 47

What is the Cerebrum

Answer 47

Largest portion of the human brain

Question 48

Processes of Cerebrum

Answer 48

Conscious Thought Intellectual Function Memory Storage Involuntary Regulation of skeletal motor patterns