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Human Anatomy & Physiology Nerves > Nervous System VI > Flashcards

Nervous System VI Flashcards

1
Q

Meningeal Coverings

A

Dura Mater

Arachnoid Layer

Pia Mater

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2
Q

Dura Mater Layers

A

Periosteal - Outer Layer

Meningeal - Inner Layer of Dura

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3
Q

Arachnoid Layer

A

Middle Layer

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4
Q

Pia Mater

A

Inner Layer

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5
Q

Dividers of the Brain

A

Falx Cerebri

Tentorium Cerebelli

Falx Cerebelli

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6
Q

Falx Cerebri

A

Separates the left and right cerebral hemisphers

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7
Q

Tentorium Cerebelli

A

Tent Covering the top of cerebellum

Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

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8
Q

Falx Cerebelli

A

Separates the left and right cerebellar halves

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9
Q

Ventricles of the Brain

A

cavities or spaces within the brain that contain or house the CSF. CSF is produced in these ventricles and is transported in the brain

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10
Q

Septum Pellucidem

A

The divider between the left and right halves of the ventricles

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11
Q

CSF Flow

A

Goes from Lateral Ventrical to Interventricular Foramen to 3rd Ventricle to the Aqueduct of Sylvius to the 4th Ventricle then out the 3 holes to outside of the spinal cord and into the brain and ends up in the sub-arachnoid space

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12
Q

CSF Fluid Formation

A

produced by Choroid plexus

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13
Q

Choroid Plexus

A

Group of capillary beds that produce the CSF from the blood

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14
Q

4 Functions of CSF

A
  1. Serves as shock absorber for the brain
  2. Involved in transporting nutrients and waste products to and from the brain
  3. Provides support for the brain tissue
  4. Main component that passes through blood brain barrier
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15
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

A

A protective barrier that prevents certain components of the blood from entering the CSF, while allowing others to freely pass through

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16
Q

Components of Blood Brain Barrier

A

Freely Pass

Slowly Pass

Impermeable

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17
Q

What can “Freely Pass”

A

H2O, Oxygen, Glucose

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18
Q

What can “Slowly Pass”

A

Things that slowly pass through

Ex: Insulin, Sucrose, Creatinine

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19
Q

What can be “Impermeable”

A

Most antibiotics, most larger proteins, most toxins

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20
Q

Why Capillaries of the Choroid Plexus Different

A
  1. Walls are more densely packed
  2. Support Cells, glial cells are more tightly packed
  3. Basement membrane is continuous
21
Q

Two Places where material can move through these cells

A

Intercellular clefts

Endothelial Cells of Capillaries beds

22
Q

Why are CSF produced?

A

Because the pressure in the capillaries are greater than the pressure in the ventricles. Blood will flow from areas of higher pressure to lower pressure

23
Q

Arachnoid Villi

A

Arachnoid Layer that project or punch through the meningeal layer of the dura

24
Q

Dural Sinus above and below contain what?

A

Venous Blood

25
Q

Venous Blood

A

Blood down in the veins, unoxygenated

26
Q

Return of CSF to Venous System

A

CSF returns to the venous blood via the Arachnoid Villi and dumps into the dural sinuses, which is basically a venous drainage system

27
Q

Where is the venous drainage system

A

Located between the two dural layers that drains into the internal jugular veins and eventually into the heart

28
Q

4 Main Parts of the Brain

A

Brain Stem

Diencephalon

Cerebellum

Cerebrum

29
Q

Brain Stem

A

Involved in lower function tasks

Ex: Respiration, Heart Rate

30
Q

Parts of the Brain Stem

A

Mid Brain

Pons

Medulla Oblongota

31
Q

Mid Brain

A

Upper Part of the brain stem. Most superior, located just below third ventricle

32
Q

Functions of Mid Brain

A

Processes sight and hearing info

Produces involuntary skeletal motor response (reaction to a slam on the table)

Helps maintain consciousness. Increase level of consciousness

33
Q

Pons

A

“Bridge”

Below midbrain

34
Q

Functions of Pons

A

Serves as sensory relay to the cerebellum and thalamus

Controls involuntary skeletal and visceral motor function

35
Q

Medulla Oblongota (Location in the brain)

A

Below Pons

36
Q

Functions of Medulla Oblongota

A

Sensory relay to the thalamus

Contains centers for visceral functions
Ex: Respiration, heart rate, vessel tone, digestion

Location for the pyramidal deccusation (crossing fibers for the corticospinal tract) Anterior aspect of the Medulla Oblongota

37
Q

What is Diencephalon

A

Two Brains

38
Q

Parts of Diencephalon

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Reticulated Formation

39
Q

Thalamus (Location in the brain)

A

Above Midbrain and lateral and inferior to lateral ventricle

40
Q

Functions of Thalamus

A

Serves as a relay and processing center for sensory information
Ex: General sensation, touch, pain, pressure, proprioception

41
Q

Hypothalamus (Location in the brain)

A

Below Thalamus of either side of 3rd Ventricle

42
Q

Functions of Hypothalamus

A

Controls emotion, autonomic function and hormone production

Ex: Thirst, sex drive, appetite, heart rate, and blood pressure

43
Q

What is Reticulated Formation

A

Network of nerves that interconnects the diencephalon with the brain stem and higher centers of the brain

44
Q

Functions of Reticulated Formation

A

Helps coordinate activities like sneezing, hiccups, vessel diameter, control coughing, regulates heart rate

45
Q

Cerebellum (Location in the brain)

A

Two halves occupy the inferior, posterior aspect of the cranium below tentorium cerebelli, joined in the middle by the vermis(worm)

46
Q

Fuctions of Cerebellum

A

Involved in subconscious movement of skeletal muscle specific things Posture, Coordination, and Balance

47
Q

What is the Cerebrum

A

Largest portion of the human brain

48
Q

Processes of Cerebrum

A

Conscious Thought

Intellectual Function

Memory Storage

Involuntary Regulation of skeletal motor patterns

Human Anatomy & Physiology Nerves (8 decks)

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