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Human Anatomy & Physiology Nerves > Nervous System V > Flashcards

Nervous System V Flashcards

1
Q

Meninges

A

Continuous coverings of the brain and spinal cord; provides protection

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2
Q

Dura Mater

A

Tough Mother

A thick membrane that is the outermost layer of the arachnoid layer and Pia Mater

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3
Q

Arachnoid Layer

A

Looks like a spider web. Provide spider web like structures. Outer layer. Thin layer

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4
Q

Pia Mater

A

Delicate Mother. Thin connective tissue layer, that follows all the nooks and crannies.

Convolutions, entire surface area of the brain.

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5
Q

Cross sections of the Cord

A

Consists of both gray and white matter

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6
Q

Gray Matter

A
  1. Nerve Cell Bodies

2. Unmyelinated Axon and Dendrites

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7
Q

White Matter

A

Tracts or columns of myelinated axons that run superiorly and inferiorly within the cord

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8
Q

General Parts Outside of the Cord

A
  1. Dorsal Root
  2. Ventral Root
  3. Spinal Nerve
  4. Dorsal Root Ganglion
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9
Q

What is Dorsal Root and what will it do?

A

Afferent Sensory System. It will bring in information into the cord

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10
Q

What is Ventral Root and what will it do?

A

Efferent System. Motor going out. Information going out

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11
Q

What is Spinal Nerve and what will it do?

A

Mixed afferent and efferent fibers. Mixed Nerve. Both motor and sensory information carried by spinal nerve

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12
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglion

A

Cell bodies of afferent sensory neurons.

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13
Q

Where is Gray Matter of the Cord located?

A

Outside of the cord

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14
Q

What is Dorsal Horn

A

Sensory information coming in.

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15
Q

What is Lateral Horn

A

Represents locations for the nerve cell bodies of the autonomic system

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16
Q

Ventral or Anterior Horn

A

Nerve cell bodies located for motor neurons.

Alpha Neurons are also found here.

Nerves that go out to skeletal muscles and other parts of the body to control them.

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17
Q

What is Gray Commissure

A

Area in the middle that connects the right and left gray sides at the midline

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18
Q

What is Posterior Column

A

Columns, Elevators, myelinated axons traveling up and down the cord.

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19
Q

Anterior Ventral Column

A

Section of where we have a left and right halves where fibers cross over.

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20
Q

What are Ascending Tracts

A

Tracts that are moving up the cord. Tracts within the white that carry sensory information to the brain

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21
Q

What are Descending Tracts

A

Tracts that travel down the cord. Predominantly motor.

Tracts in the white matter that carry motor information from the brain

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22
Q

What are Reflexes

A

Rapid automatic response to a stimulus, response from sensory has an effect on a muscle or a gland.

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23
Q

What is a Spinal Reflex

A

A reflex carried out by the cord alone.

Reflex hammer

24
Q

What is a Somatic Reflex

A

Builds on the spinal reflex. Results in the skeletal muscle contraction.

25
Visceral or Autonomic Reflex
1. Causes either the contraction of a cardiac or smooth muscle 2. A secretion of a gland
26
What is a Monosynaptic
only involves 2 neurons and one synapse
27
What is a Polysynaptic
Most synapses are polysynaptic. Information that travels in from this side and the information may synapse on the same level and may go to opposite side. A reflex involving more than one synapse and involves sensory motor and association neurons
28
Cross Extensor Reflex
Contralateral (opposite side) - someone grabs your arm, you pull back and push away with the opposite arm
29
Ipsilateral Reflex
Stays on same side, so that the basic tendon reflex, reflex hammer to hit the knee
30
Contralateral Reflex
Example: Cross Extensor Reflex. Bilateral because it does go to the opposite. Has an effect to the opposite side.
31
Association Neurons
Inter-Neurons. Neurons located between two other neurons
32
Sensory Pathways
Generally ascending tracts
33
Motor Pathways
Generally descending tracts
34
Sensory
Ascending Pathways
35
Posterior Column Pathways (Fasciculus)
White Matter Around the periphery
36
Fasciculus Gracillus
towards the midline; lower body; proprioception, fine touch, crude touch "pressure touch", and vibration Much of lower extremity sensory information travel via this pathway
37
Fasciculus Cuneatus
lateral to the fasciculus gracillus; does the exact same thing as gracillus but does it for the upper portions of the body, upper extremities
38
Spinocerabeller Posterior
Muscle fiber proprioception for the posterior
39
Spinocerabeller Anterior
A little bit smaller. Whole limb proprioception, sending information to the brain
40
Spinothalmic Lateral
Pain and Temperature
41
Spinothalmic Anterior
Crude touch (more pressure)
42
Lateral Corticospinal Tract
famous tracts inside the cord. Control voluntary skeletal muscle. 85% of the fibers Stroke on one side, it will affect the opposite side of the body. Because fibers cross at the pyramidal decussation
43
Anterior Corticospinal Tract
Represents other 15% of the fibers. Don't cross, they stay on same side Voluntary control of the skeletal muscle
44
Corticobulbar Tract
Don't see it Voluntary control of head and neck muscles that run with other corticospinal tracts
45
Betsy Cells
Pyramidal fibers because of the cell body shape
46
Rubrospinal Tract
Involuntary control of posture and muscle tone. Originate out of the brain stem
47
Reticulo Spinal Tract
Involuntary contract of reflex autonomic function Controls some of our autonomic reflexes, things we don't think about
48
Vestibulospinal
Regulates body and muscle tone in response to head and neck movement. Sense of balance equilibrium. Spinning around and not falling over
49
Tectospinal Tract
Involuntary control of eyes, head, neck, and arms in response to visual and auditory stimulus Being scared and putting up your hands to protect yourself
50
Nerve Plexus
Network of nerve roots arising off of the spinal cord
51
Cervical Plexus
``` Most Superior C1 - C5 Innervates neck and diaphragm Contract the diaphragm Phrenic Nerve ```
52
Phrenic Nerve
C 3, 4, 5 keeps the diaphragm alive Contracts the diaphragm
53
Brachial Plexus
C5 - T1 Innvervates arm and shoulder girdle Axillary Nerve Radial Nerve Musculocutaneous Nerve Median Nerve
54
Lumbar Plexus
T12 - L4 Femoral nerve - goes in the front Anterior and lateral thigh muscles (generally)
55
Sacral Plexus
L4 to S4 Sciatic Nerve
56
Sciatic Nerve
Posterior thigh muscles (generally)
57
Lumbar Plexus and Sacral Plexus
Collectively called the Lumbosacral plexus

Human Anatomy & Physiology Nerves (8 decks)

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