Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Anatomy & Physiology Nerves > Nervous System III > Flashcards

Nervous System III Flashcards

1
Q

Chemically Regulated Ion Channels

A

open and close when NT bind to them causing a local depolarization of the nerve cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are Chemically Regulated Ion Channels Located

A

On the Dendrites and the soma of a neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What must happen to conduct an electrical impulse of the nerve

A

It must depolarize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are Voltage Regulated Ion Channels located

A

On the Axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Depolarization Threshold

A

local stimulus strong enough to cause a opening of the voltage regulated ion gates to allow depolarization to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Two forces for each ion that determine which direction to go

A
  1. More Sodium in one location than another

2. Electrical Charges associated with that ion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diffusion Potential

A

Sodium will move from higher concentration to lower concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Overwhelming Charge on Outside is

A

Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Overwhelming Charge on Inside is

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is charge overwhelmingly negative inside

A

The large number of protein molecules with all their sulfates and phosphates attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Multi Polar Neuron

A

dendrites on the left side and the axons on the right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Nerve releases what?

A

Neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chemically Regulated Gate

A

Open and close based on whether the NT binds to it or not.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Left side of the Axon Nerve

A

Chemically Regulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Axon Hillock

A

Where the cell bodies transitions into the Axons. Nebulas Regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Right Side of Axon Nerve

A

Electrically Regulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Dependent on Neurotransmitters

A

Chemically Regulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Voltage

A

The electrical difference between the outside and inside of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Depolarization Threshold in terms of Voltage

A

Happening on Right Side. One gate, one ion channel will either open or close dependent on the neurotransmitter. If NT bind to the receptor site, it will change configuration, the shape of the ion gate and allow sodium to go into the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the Voltage Gate

A

will either open or close depending on the voltage across the cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

At what voltage will the gate open up?

A

at -65 mV because we have a couple of more plus charge on the inside of the cell membrane

22
Q

Voltage Regulated Ion Gate

A

Sodium on the outside will flood into the cell because we have a few more plus charges underneath the gate

23
Q

Explain how plus charges get into the cell to cause depolarization

A

Chemically regulated ion gates allow the influx of sodium with it’s plus charges under those first voltage gates allowing us to reach DT, under the first voltage gates, thus opening the voltage gate

24
Q

Action Potential

A

Electrical wave traveling down the axon

25
Q

3 Local or Graded Potential Factors

A
  1. Local Potential
  2. Action Potential
  3. Graded Potentials
26
Q

Local Potential

A

A depolarization stimulus confined to a small area

27
Q

Graded Potential

A

multiple mild stimuli can combine to create a stimulus strong enough to reach depolarization threshold at the axon hillock. If we just have one of the nerves fire, it will not be a strong enough local potential to cause depolarization threshold on the axon. But we may have multiple nerves firing together to reach depolarization threshold at the first voltage gates.

28
Q

How will Motor Pathways Speed Up?

A

When myelination is increased

29
Q

What is a Neuron

A

Interconnectedness between the neurons that are involved in the motor pathways.

30
Q

Constant Feedback

A

Your brain is constantly getting feedback as to what you’re doing right and wrong at microscopic and subconscious levels

31
Q

This is Involved in Translation and Transcription

A

Nucleus

32
Q

What is Continuous Propagation

A

Method by which we allow the electrical wave to travel down the axon. Open one gate, then another one opens, and another one, etc.

33
Q

Describe Continuous Propagation Action

A

Neurotransmitter binds to the chemical gate. Next influx of Sodium gets under the first voltage gate, we’ve got more plus charges inside, where they wanna be. We get less electrical potential energy. Less voltage across the cell membrane. So some of these first plus charges get underneath first voltage gate, allows us to reach depolarization threshold under the first voltage gate. It will open up, influx of sodium. So it goes in all different directions, and a large number of plus charges ends up underneath the next gate, the next gate opens up.

34
Q

Saltatory Conduction vs. Continuos Propagation What is best way?

A

Best Way of Conduction is Saltatory

35
Q

2 Types of Conduction

A
  1. Continuous Propagation

2. Saltatory Conduction

36
Q

Describe Saltatory Conduction

A

Leap Frog effect. Looking at the Chemically Regulated Gate with a NT bound to it, and we’re gonna stick voltage gates, Nodes of Ranvier the spaces in between the myelinated cells, which means there is fat in between the cell membrane and outside the cell, there is no way for the ions to travel across the region. But one place the ions can travel through the small spaces of the Nodes of Ranvier, are only where we have the voltage gates. All the plus charges will open up the chemically regulated gates, the plus charges will flood into the cell and go in all different directions and some of them will end up under the first voltage gate, and it will open up the first voltage gate and then influx of sodium go in and go in different directions and show up under the next gate and it too will open up. Leapfrog from gate to gate and it is a much faster process.

37
Q

Two Ways to go Slower and Faster

A
  1. Myelinated (Saltatory Conduction)

2. Unmyelinated (Continuous Conduction-Domino Effect)

38
Q

Fiber Set Used in Sharp Stabbing Pain of Stubbing Toe

A

Myelinated Fiber Set

39
Q

Fiber Set Used in Dull Throbbing Pain of Stubbing Toe

A

Unmyelinated Fiber Set

40
Q

What is the All Or None Phenomenon

A

The nerve either fires or it doesn’t. No in between

41
Q

When does Repolarization occur?

A

When the K+ Voltage gates, Potassium gates, open up and K+(Potassium) movement increases out of the cell.

42
Q

What happens at +30 mV

A

The milli voltage potential at which the voltage gates close. Repolarization occurs.

43
Q

What happens down at the RMP, -70 mV

A

The K gates are closing slowly.

44
Q

What happens at -80 mV

A

Hyperpolarization occurs.

45
Q

Describe Hyperpolarization

A

There’s an overshoot of the influx of potassium. It is harder to get back to depolarization

46
Q

Why is it difficult to get back to Depolarization from Hyperpolarization

A

15 mV difference than RMP which is at 5 mV

47
Q

2 Factors determining the Speed of Nerve Impulse

A

Myelin Sheath and Axon Size

48
Q

Describe Myelin Sheath

A

Increases the speed of the electrical impulse significantly at upwards of 150-200 MPH

49
Q

Where will Depolarization occur

A

Nodes of Ranvier

50
Q

Axon Size Factors

A

The larger the axon diameter of the axon, the faster the action potential, the easier movement of the ions. A smaller diameter of the axon, the ions would bump into the side walls more easily

Human Anatomy & Physiology Nerves (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions