Nervous System Flashcards
The Endocrine System
-Involved in hormone release
-Relative to the other systems, its effects are relatively slow in
response but longer lasting
Two systems of the body regulate and coordinate the activities of the body’s organ systems?
The Endocrine System & Nervous System
Exocrine system
Releases digestive enzymes via ducts to
different areas of the body
Nervous System
Responds very rapidly and its effects are short lived
Maintaining Homeostasis
-Both systems are involved in maintaining stasis
A) involved in sensing changes in our internal and external environment
ex. Hand on stove is sensing external environment. Example of internal environment; heart rate, blood pressure.)
B) also then involved in interpreting those changes
C) then involved in initiating action to help maintain homeostasis
Two Main Parts of Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Central Nervous System
- Brain
2. Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Peripheral nervous system (any nervous tissue outside of the CNS/nerves that we have running through the body
Nerve Cell
The functional unit of the nervous system
Cell Body
Contains the nucleus and is responsible for the majority of the metabolic processes for that cell
Dendrites
Receive information from other neurons
Axon
a long thin projection that transmits an electrical impulse to another nerve, gland, or muscle
Electrical impulse travels from the dendrites through the cell body to the axon
Neuronal Classification According to Structure
Anaxonic Nerve Cell
Unipolar Nerve Cell
Bipolar Nerve Cell
Multi Polar Neuron
Anaxonic Nerve Cell
Nerve Cell in which you cannot tell the axon from the dendrites
Unipolar Nerve Cell
Dendrite and the axon are continuous with the cell body lying off to one side
Bipolar Nerve Cell
Soma(cell body) lies between the axon and the dendrite
Multi-Polar Neuron
Has several dendrites and one long axon
Locations of Nerve Cell Bodies
These groups perform the same general functions. Majority of the nerve cell bodies are located in the CNS. However there are certain areas where nerve cells will be located outside the CNS
Nuclei
-group of neurons or nerve cell bodies located in the spinal cord
Ganglia
-group of nerve cell bodies located on the outside of the CNS, Central Nervous System.
Centers
-group of nerve cell bodies found within the brain.
Myelination
Axons of the CNS and the PNS are insulated from each other as they travel in bundles by cells that surround each axon
When you look at a cross section of brain tissue CNS, the areas that are myelinated are white in color
Myelin
Is a Lipid
Two Cell Types
Schwann Cell
Oligodendrocyte
Function - both of these cells send out wide, flat projections that wrap around the axons of nerve cells. Bottom line is to protect one nerve cell from another nerve cell
