Nervous system test Flashcards
how many paired nerves are in the cervical region?
8
where is the cervical region?
the neck
how many paired nerves are in the thoracic region?
12
where is the thoracic region?
middle part of the back
how many paired nerves are in the lumbar region?
5 paired nerves
where is the lumbar region?
lower back
how many paired nerves are in the sacral region?
5
where is the sacral region?
above the butt
how many paired nerves are in the Coccyx?
1
where is the coccyx?
the tailbone
how many spinal cord injuries occur each year
16,000
how many people survive a spinal cord injury each year?
10,000
how many people die each year due to a spinal cord injury?
6,000
what percentage of people suffer a spinal cord injury due to a car accident?
47%
what percentage of people suffer a spinal cord injury due to falling?
20.8%
what percentage of people suffer a spinal cord injury due to violence and gunshots?
14.6%
what percentage of people suffer a spinal cord injury due to sports?
14.2%
what percentage of people suffer a spinal cord injury due to something else?
3.4%
_________ is paralysis of two limbs and most common in the legs
paraplegia
_____ is paralysis of all four limbs
quadriplegia
_______ is automatic immediate responses to sensory impulses that are directed by the spinal cord before the brain becomes involved
reflexes
_______ works by association and is a learned response
conditioned reflex
the peripheral system contains how many paired nerves?
12
the paired nerves in the peripheral system do what?
carry impulses to the eyes, ears, nose, mouth and skin
activities of all internal organs are regulated by the _________ through the ______
medulla, ANS
what is the most common type of headache?
tension headache
when a tension headache occurs where do you suffer pain?
in the neck, shoulders and muscles near the skull
_______ occurs when muscles in your brain contract in a spasm
tension headache
what are the causes of tension headaches?
holding in anger, stress, not eating, not sleeping, loudness, light, eyestrain, dehydration, and lack of sleep
what are migraines known as?
vascular headaches
_______ occurs when change within the vascular system
migraine
your blood vessels _______ and ____________ causing visual disturbances in migraines
constrict and expand
what are the two mini systems within the autonomic nervous system?
sympathetic and para-sympathetic
_______ speeds up the body for action
sympathetic
_______slows down the body
para-sympathetic
________ are products of the imagination in which memories or fantasies are temporarily confused with external reality
dreams
when do dreams occur?
during periods of REM sleep
during periods of REM sleep
rapid eye movement
How long does REM sleep last?
20 minutes
How many times can REM sleep occur?
4 or 5 times a night
what are the three major areas of the brain?
cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem
_________is the largest part of the brain that is divided into hemispheres
cerebrum
what does the right hemisphere of the cerebrum do?
controls most actions on the left side of the body
the right hemisphere is thought to be the site of…..?
our artistic and creative abilities
what does the left hemisphere of the cerebrum do?
controls most actions on the right side of the body
the left hemisphere is thought to be the site of…?
the site of our scientific, mathematic, and logical reasoning (common sense)
________coordinates all of your muscle movements and helps maintain your balance and coordination
cerebellum
the brainstem contains the…..?
medulla
the medulla is the size of a…?
walnut
where does the spinal cord start?
the medulla
the spinal cord goes through each….?
vertebrae
________ carries impulses to and from the brain
spinal cord
your ____________ represents the thickness of the spinal cord
index
an average spinal cord is how many inches in length?
18
how many paired nerves branch out from the spinal cord?
31
_______controls the activities of each of the body’s other organs
nervous system
what are the names of the 3 parts or mini systems of the nervous system?
central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system
what does CNS stand for?
central nervous system
what does PNS stand for?
peripheral nervous system
what does ANS stand for?
autonomic nervous system
the central nervous system consists of…?
the brain and spinal cord
_______ nervous system sends impulses to the central nervous system then to the rest of the body
peripheral
________ nervous system sends impulses to a special area of the brain called the medulla
autonomic
________ controls all of our involuntary functions
medulla
what involuntary functions does the medulla control?
digestion, heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure and reflexes
neurons are individual specialized cells that join to form…?
nerves
_______receive and transmit impulses throughout the body
neurons
how many miles per hour does a nerve impulse travel?
200 miles
what are the two types of neuron fibers?
dendrites and axons
______ carry impulses toward the main part of the cell
dendrites
________take impulses away from the cell to other neurons
axons
what are the two kinds of neurons?
sensory and motor
___________receive and pass information about the temperature outside the body or pain within the body
sensory neurons
________receive and carry impulses to the brain then the muscles and other organs of the body
motor neurons
what is the master organ of the body?
the brain
how much does the brain weigh?
3 pounds
the brain is protected by three layers of membranes called?
meninges
when you touch a hot stove, what is the order of neurons involved?
1.sensory
2.axons
3.dendrites
4. motor
the first layer of the meninges is..?
a tough outer layer that protects the brain
the two inner layers of the meninges are separated from each other by a clear fluid called _________?
cerebrospinal fluid
cerebrospinal fluid acts as a…?
cushion or shock absorber for the brain
_________is a procedure used to test for meningitis
spinal tap
the frontal lobe is responsible for…?
the use of language
the temporal lobe is responsible for…?
the use of hearing and smell
the occipital lobe is responsible for…?
vision
the parietal lobe is responsible for…?
sensory information- heat, cold, pain and touch
