Digestive/ urinary system Flashcards
what is elimination?
the expulsion of undigested food or body wastes
What is mastication?
the process of chewing
what is chyme?
a creamy, fluid mixture of food and gastric juices
what is digestion?
a process in which the body breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into substances that you cells can absorb and use
what are the 11 parts of the digestive system?
stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, pancreas, esophagus, mouth, liver, pharynx, anus, and rectum
what is another name for an intestine?
colon
how long is the small intestine?
23 feet in length
how long is the large intestine?
5 feet in length
why is the small intestine called “small” when it is longer than the large intestine?
the large intestine is thicker than the small intestine
The 11 parts of the digestive system make up the…?
alimentary canal
what is the alimentary canal?
a tubelike passage that is 30ft in length
where does the alimentary canal start and end?
mouth to anus
the mouth contains how many salivary glands?
3
what is amylase?
a digestive enzyme which helps break down complex carbs and starches
what is enzyme?
a protein that increases the rate of chemical activities in the body
what in your mouth help break down food?
teeth, tongue, and saliva
how many permanent teeth are there?
32
what are incisors?
your front teeth that bite and cut food
cuspids..?
rip and tear food
what are the three nicknames for your cuspid teeth?
canines, fangs, and eye teeth
bicuspids…?
crush food
bicuspids are known as?
premolars
what are molars?
your back teeth that grind food.
what is the pharynx?
a short muscular tube that serves as an opening to both digestive and respiratory systems
what is an esophagus?
a tube that is 12 inches in length that transports food to the stomach by way of peristalsis
what is peristalsis?
wave-like contractions that relax and contract muscles to keep food moving toward the stomach
the entrance to the stomach is controlled by a ring shaped muscle called a..?
sphincter
what is a sphincter?
a muscle that controls the movement of food from one part of the Alimentary canal to the other
the what is lined with muscle layers and looks like a boxing glove?
stomach
the muscle layers in the stomach contract and relax and do what to food?
squeeze and churn
muscles churn and squeeze food that goes into?
a thick soup called chyme
what does peristalsis do?
moves small amounts of chyme out of the stomach and into the small intestine
how many hours does it take peristalsis to move chyme?
1 to 2
the stomach contains glands that produce…?
hydrochloric acid and pepsin
what does hydrochloric acid do?
dissolves minerals
what does pepsin do?
breaks down proteins
sphincters are located?
upper part of the stomach, lower part of the stomach, the anus, and one in the urinary bladder
the first ten inches of the small intestine is called the…?
duodenum
the duodenum is where?
most chemical digestion takes place
what is bile?
a yellow green bitter fluid important in the breakdown and absorption of fats
where do carbs get converted into glucose (sugar/energy)?
the small intestine
the large intestine is known as?
colon
indigestible material that is not caught by the small intestine goes to the..?
colon
as the water leaves the colon, what remains?
solid waste or feces
where is the solid waste temporarily stored?
in the rectum
the final part of the colon is…?
rectum
what does the rectum do?
controls waste through the anus by a sphincter that opens and closes in the anus
what is the liver?
the largest internal organ that weighs 3 pounds and regulates the components in blood
the liver converts what and what into bilirubin?
red blood cells and hemoglobin
what is bilirubin?
a reddish yellow chemical that becomes a part of bile
what does bile aid in?
the digestion of fats
the liver converts glucose into?
glycogen
the gallbladder is…?
attached to the liver and collects and stores bile
what does the pancreas do?
secretes insulin and glucagon
what is the largest external organ?
the skin
what does insulin do?
lowers the sugar levels
what does glucagon do?
raises the blood sugar levels
what is diabetes?
excessive amount of glucose in the blood
what is hypoglycemia?
excessive amount of insulin in the blood
what is heartburn?
an open sore on the inside wall of the stomach
what is constipation?
when the feces are hard
what is diarrhea?
watery feces
What are hemorrhoids?
swollen veins in the anus
what is jaundice?
where the skin turns yellow
What is cirrhosis?
the cause of death among alcoholics and is a liver disease
what is dialysis?
a machine that filters out waste products out of the blood.
how many kidneys are there?
two
what are your kidneys?
bean shaped organs about the size of your fist located within the pelvis in your lower back
what do kidneys do?
filter out waste products out of the blood.
how many pints of urine do kidneys produce?
3 to 4 pints
urine moves to the kidneys to the bladder by way of two tubes called…?
ureters
what is the urinary bladder?
a temporary storage for urine
what is the urethra?
a tube through which liquid waste (pee) are excreted
