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health > Digestive/ urinary system > Flashcards

Digestive/ urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

what is elimination?

A

the expulsion of undigested food or body wastes

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2
Q

What is mastication?

A

the process of chewing

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3
Q

what is chyme?

A

a creamy, fluid mixture of food and gastric juices

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4
Q

what is digestion?

A

a process in which the body breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into substances that you cells can absorb and use

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5
Q

what are the 11 parts of the digestive system?

A

stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, pancreas, esophagus, mouth, liver, pharynx, anus, and rectum

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6
Q

what is another name for an intestine?

A

colon

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7
Q

how long is the small intestine?

A

23 feet in length

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8
Q

how long is the large intestine?

A

5 feet in length

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9
Q

why is the small intestine called “small” when it is longer than the large intestine?

A

the large intestine is thicker than the small intestine

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10
Q

The 11 parts of the digestive system make up the…?

A

alimentary canal

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11
Q

what is the alimentary canal?

A

a tubelike passage that is 30ft in length

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12
Q

where does the alimentary canal start and end?

A

mouth to anus

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13
Q

the mouth contains how many salivary glands?

A

3

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14
Q

what is amylase?

A

a digestive enzyme which helps break down complex carbs and starches

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15
Q

what is enzyme?

A

a protein that increases the rate of chemical activities in the body

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16
Q

what in your mouth help break down food?

A

teeth, tongue, and saliva

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17
Q

how many permanent teeth are there?

A

32

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18
Q

what are incisors?

A

your front teeth that bite and cut food

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19
Q

cuspids..?

A

rip and tear food

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20
Q

what are the three nicknames for your cuspid teeth?

A

canines, fangs, and eye teeth

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21
Q

bicuspids…?

A

crush food

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22
Q

bicuspids are known as?

A

premolars

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23
Q

what are molars?

A

your back teeth that grind food.

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24
Q

what is the pharynx?

A

a short muscular tube that serves as an opening to both digestive and respiratory systems

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25
Q

what is an esophagus?

A

a tube that is 12 inches in length that transports food to the stomach by way of peristalsis

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26
Q

what is peristalsis?

A

wave-like contractions that relax and contract muscles to keep food moving toward the stomach

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27
Q

the entrance to the stomach is controlled by a ring shaped muscle called a..?

A

sphincter

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28
Q

what is a sphincter?

A

a muscle that controls the movement of food from one part of the Alimentary canal to the other

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29
Q

the what is lined with muscle layers and looks like a boxing glove?

A

stomach

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30
Q

the muscle layers in the stomach contract and relax and do what to food?

A

squeeze and churn

31
Q

muscles churn and squeeze food that goes into?

A

a thick soup called chyme

32
Q

what does peristalsis do?

A

moves small amounts of chyme out of the stomach and into the small intestine

33
Q

how many hours does it take peristalsis to move chyme?

A

1 to 2

34
Q

the stomach contains glands that produce…?

A

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

35
Q

what does hydrochloric acid do?

A

dissolves minerals

36
Q

what does pepsin do?

A

breaks down proteins

37
Q

sphincters are located?

A

upper part of the stomach, lower part of the stomach, the anus, and one in the urinary bladder

38
Q

the first ten inches of the small intestine is called the…?

A

duodenum

39
Q

the duodenum is where?

A

most chemical digestion takes place

40
Q

what is bile?

A

a yellow green bitter fluid important in the breakdown and absorption of fats

41
Q

where do carbs get converted into glucose (sugar/energy)?

A

the small intestine

42
Q

the large intestine is known as?

A

colon

43
Q

indigestible material that is not caught by the small intestine goes to the..?

A

colon

44
Q

as the water leaves the colon, what remains?

A

solid waste or feces

45
Q

where is the solid waste temporarily stored?

A

in the rectum

46
Q

the final part of the colon is…?

A

rectum

47
Q

what does the rectum do?

A

controls waste through the anus by a sphincter that opens and closes in the anus

48
Q

what is the liver?

A

the largest internal organ that weighs 3 pounds and regulates the components in blood

49
Q

the liver converts what and what into bilirubin?

A

red blood cells and hemoglobin

50
Q

what is bilirubin?

A

a reddish yellow chemical that becomes a part of bile

51
Q

what does bile aid in?

A

the digestion of fats

52
Q

the liver converts glucose into?

A

glycogen

53
Q

the gallbladder is…?

A

attached to the liver and collects and stores bile

54
Q

what does the pancreas do?

A

secretes insulin and glucagon

55
Q

what is the largest external organ?

A

the skin

56
Q

what does insulin do?

A

lowers the sugar levels

57
Q

what does glucagon do?

A

raises the blood sugar levels

58
Q

what is diabetes?

A

excessive amount of glucose in the blood

59
Q

what is hypoglycemia?

A

excessive amount of insulin in the blood

60
Q

what is heartburn?

A

an open sore on the inside wall of the stomach

61
Q

what is constipation?

A

when the feces are hard

62
Q

what is diarrhea?

A

watery feces

63
Q

What are hemorrhoids?

A

swollen veins in the anus

64
Q

what is jaundice?

A

where the skin turns yellow

65
Q

What is cirrhosis?

A

the cause of death among alcoholics and is a liver disease

66
Q

what is dialysis?

A

a machine that filters out waste products out of the blood.

67
Q

how many kidneys are there?

A

two

68
Q

what are your kidneys?

A

bean shaped organs about the size of your fist located within the pelvis in your lower back

69
Q

what do kidneys do?

A

filter out waste products out of the blood.

70
Q

how many pints of urine do kidneys produce?

A

3 to 4 pints

71
Q

urine moves to the kidneys to the bladder by way of two tubes called…?

A

ureters

72
Q

what is the urinary bladder?

A

a temporary storage for urine

73
Q

what is the urethra?

A

a tube through which liquid waste (pee) are excreted

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