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Digestive/ urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

what is elimination?

A

the expulsion of undigested food or body wastes

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2
Q

What is mastication?

A

the process of chewing

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3
Q

what is chyme?

A

a creamy, fluid mixture of food and gastric juices

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4
Q

what is digestion?

A

a process in which the body breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into substances that you cells can absorb and use

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5
Q

what are the 11 parts of the digestive system?

A

stomach, small intestine, large intestine, gallbladder, pancreas, esophagus, mouth, liver, pharynx, anus, and rectum

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6
Q

what is another name for an intestine?

A

colon

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7
Q

how long is the small intestine?

A

23 feet in length

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8
Q

how long is the large intestine?

A

5 feet in length

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9
Q

why is the small intestine called “small” when it is longer than the large intestine?

A

the large intestine is thicker than the small intestine

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10
Q

The 11 parts of the digestive system make up the…?

A

alimentary canal

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11
Q

what is the alimentary canal?

A

a tubelike passage that is 30ft in length

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12
Q

where does the alimentary canal start and end?

A

mouth to anus

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13
Q

the mouth contains how many salivary glands?

A

3

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14
Q

what is amylase?

A

a digestive enzyme which helps break down complex carbs and starches

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15
Q

what is enzyme?

A

a protein that increases the rate of chemical activities in the body

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16
Q

what in your mouth help break down food?

A

teeth, tongue, and saliva

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17
Q

how many permanent teeth are there?

A

32

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18
Q

what are incisors?

A

your front teeth that bite and cut food

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19
Q

cuspids..?

A

rip and tear food

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20
Q

what are the three nicknames for your cuspid teeth?

A

canines, fangs, and eye teeth

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21
Q

bicuspids…?

A

crush food

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22
Q

bicuspids are known as?

A

premolars

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23
Q

what are molars?

A

your back teeth that grind food.

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24
Q

what is the pharynx?

A

a short muscular tube that serves as an opening to both digestive and respiratory systems

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25
what is an esophagus?
a tube that is 12 inches in length that transports food to the stomach by way of peristalsis
26
what is peristalsis?
wave-like contractions that relax and contract muscles to keep food moving toward the stomach
27
the entrance to the stomach is controlled by a ring shaped muscle called a..?
sphincter
28
what is a sphincter?
a muscle that controls the movement of food from one part of the Alimentary canal to the other
29
the what is lined with muscle layers and looks like a boxing glove?
stomach
30
the muscle layers in the stomach contract and relax and do what to food?
squeeze and churn
31
muscles churn and squeeze food that goes into?
a thick soup called chyme
32
what does peristalsis do?
moves small amounts of chyme out of the stomach and into the small intestine
33
how many hours does it take peristalsis to move chyme?
1 to 2
34
the stomach contains glands that produce...?
hydrochloric acid and pepsin
35
what does hydrochloric acid do?
dissolves minerals
36
what does pepsin do?
breaks down proteins
37
sphincters are located?
upper part of the stomach, lower part of the stomach, the anus, and one in the urinary bladder
38
the first ten inches of the small intestine is called the...?
duodenum
39
the duodenum is where?
most chemical digestion takes place
40
what is bile?
a yellow green bitter fluid important in the breakdown and absorption of fats
41
where do carbs get converted into glucose (sugar/energy)?
the small intestine
42
the large intestine is known as?
colon
43
indigestible material that is not caught by the small intestine goes to the..?
colon
44
as the water leaves the colon, what remains?
solid waste or feces
45
where is the solid waste temporarily stored?
in the rectum
46
the final part of the colon is...?
rectum
47
what does the rectum do?
controls waste through the anus by a sphincter that opens and closes in the anus
48
what is the liver?
the largest internal organ that weighs 3 pounds and regulates the components in blood
49
the liver converts what and what into bilirubin?
red blood cells and hemoglobin
50
what is bilirubin?
a reddish yellow chemical that becomes a part of bile
51
what does bile aid in?
the digestion of fats
52
the liver converts glucose into?
glycogen
53
the gallbladder is...?
attached to the liver and collects and stores bile
54
what does the pancreas do?
secretes insulin and glucagon
55
what is the largest external organ?
the skin
56
what does insulin do?
lowers the sugar levels
57
what does glucagon do?
raises the blood sugar levels
58
what is diabetes?
excessive amount of glucose in the blood
59
what is hypoglycemia?
excessive amount of insulin in the blood
60
what is heartburn?
an open sore on the inside wall of the stomach
61
what is constipation?
when the feces are hard
62
what is diarrhea?
watery feces
63
What are hemorrhoids?
swollen veins in the anus
64
what is jaundice?
where the skin turns yellow
65
What is cirrhosis?
the cause of death among alcoholics and is a liver disease
66
what is dialysis?
a machine that filters out waste products out of the blood.
67
how many kidneys are there?
two
68
what are your kidneys?
bean shaped organs about the size of your fist located within the pelvis in your lower back
69
what do kidneys do?
filter out waste products out of the blood.
70
how many pints of urine do kidneys produce?
3 to 4 pints
71
urine moves to the kidneys to the bladder by way of two tubes called...?
ureters
72
what is the urinary bladder?
a temporary storage for urine
73
what is the urethra?
a tube through which liquid waste (pee) are excreted

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