Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy (davis) > nervous system notes > Flashcards

nervous system notes Flashcards

1
Q

what is the nervous system?

A

master controlling and communication system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how does the nervous system communicate?

A

via electricity and chemicals (neurotransmitters)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

sensory input

A

gathered by sensory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

integration

A

processing of sensory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

motor output

A

activation of effector organs (muscles and glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what two regions are in the CNS?

A

Central
Peripheral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where is the PNS located

A

outside of the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

spinal nerves

A

to and from the spinal cord (there are 31)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cranial nerves

A

to and from the brain (there are 12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

functions of PNS

A

Sensory
Motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sensory

A

somatic
visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

somatic

A

from skin and skeletal muscles and joints to CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

visceral

A

from visceral organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

motor

A

somatic
autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

somatic nervous system

A

voluntary: conscious control of skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

autonomic

A

regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sympathetic

A

fight or flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

parasympathetic

A

brings body back to normal state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

neuroglia cell types

A

neuroglia
neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

neuroglia of CNS

A

astrocytes
microglial cells
ependymal cells
oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

astrocytes

A

controls the environment around neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

microglial cells

A

cleans up around the neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ependymal cells

A

line cavities of brain and spinal chord - moves cerebral spinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

insulates nerves in the CNS - provide the myelin sheaths

25
Q

neuroglial of PNS

A

satellite cells
Schwan cells

26
Q

neurons

A

extreme longevity
amniotic, with few exceptions
high metabolic rate

27
Q

tracts

A

bundles of neuron processes in CNS

28
Q

nerves

A

bundles of neuron processes in PNS

29
Q

axon

A
  • starts at axonal hillock
  • long axons are called nerve fibers
  • far ends are called axon terminals
  • secrete neurotransmitters
  • myelin sheath
30
Q

myelin sheath

A
  • protects and electrically insulates the axon
  • increases speed of conduction
  • gaps - axon colladerals emerge
  • white matter - regions of the brain and spinal chord with lots of mylenation
  • gray matter - non myelinated fibers
31
Q

structural classification of dendrites

A

multipolar
bipolar
unipolar

32
Q

sensory

A

sends signals to the brain

33
Q

motor

A

sends signals away from the brain

34
Q

interneurons

A

almost all are in the CNS; association neurons

35
Q

Neurons can ______ change their resting membrane potential

A

Rapidly

36
Q

Neurons are

A

Highly excitable

37
Q

Membrane ion channels are

A

Large proteins, and specific k+ channels that only allow pass through

38
Q

leakage/nongated channels

A

always open

39
Q

Gated channels

A

Part of the protein changes shape to open/close channel

40
Q

Chemically (ligand)

A

Open only with binding of a specific chemical

41
Q

Voltage

A

Open and close in response to changes in membrane potential

42
Q

Mechanically

A

Open and close in response to physical deformation of sensory receptors

43
Q

When channels are open

A

Ions diffuse quickly from high to low, move towards opposite charges

44
Q

Resting membrane

A
  • ⭐ Approx: -70 mV ⭐
  • Cytoplasmic side
    Negatively charged relative to the outside
  • Range
    -40 mV to -90 mV
  • Is said to be polarized (separation of charges)
45
Q

Generating membrane potential depends on

A
  • Differences in sodium ion and potassium ion concentration
  • Differences in permeability
46
Q

Membranes are impermeable to

A

large anionic proteins

47
Q

Slightly permeable to

A

Na+ → into cell

48
Q

25 more permeable to

A

K+ → out of cell

49
Q

Quite permeable to

A

Cl-

50
Q

More __ diffuses out than __ in

A
  • K+, Na+
  • Inside of cell is more negative
51
Q

Sodium potassium pump stabilizes

A

Membrane potential

52
Q

Resting potential change when

A
  • Concentrations change
  • Permeability changes
53
Q

Changes produce 2 types of signals

A
  • Graded potentials
  • Action potentials
54
Q

Graded potentials

A
  • Short distances
  • Short lived - localized changes in membrane potential
  • Triggered by - stimulus that opens gated ion channels
  • Named by location and function
  • Current flows quickly but decays, only over short distances
55
Q

Action potentials

A
  • Long distances
  • Brief reversal of membrane potential
  • Do NOT decay
  • Also called nerve impulse
    Principal way neurons send signal, only over long distances
56
Q

Depolarization

A

Move toward zero and above, become more positive

57
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

Move away from zero, become more negative

58
Q

Generation of AP

A

Look at graph on paper

anatomy (davis) (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions