muscle fatigue Flashcards
isometric
no shortening of muscles, muscle tension increases, but does not exceed load
isotonic
muscle shortens because muscle tension exceeds load
what is a motor unit composed of?
the motor neuron and all muscle fibers
latent period
period between stimulus and crossbridge
period of contraction
crossbridge/contraction
period of relaxation
where the muscle resets, calcium entry into SR – tension declines to zero.
what does a twitch myogram look like
mountain
what does a temporal (wave) summation myogram look like
waves
what does an unfused (incomplete) tetanus myogram look like
increases, then at the top it has waves, then it decreases
what does a Fused (complete) tetanus myogram look like
Increases, flat line at the top, then decreases
what is muscle tone
constant, slightly contracted state of all muscles
ATP is the energy molecule for muscle contraction, what specifically is it used for?
- Crossbridge
- Resetting muscle contractions
- Pump sodium (Na 2+) out and pump potassium (k+) back in
3 ways to generate ATP
-direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate (CP)
-Anaerobic pathway: glycolysis and lactic acid formation
-Aerobic pathway
How many ATP’s are generated per creatine molecule in the direct phosphorylation pathway?
1
How many ATP’s are generated per glucose in the anaerobic pathway?
2
What are the waste products of the anaerobic pathway?
lactic acid
How many ATP’s are generated in the aerobic pathway?
32 ATPs
What are the waste products of the aerobic pathway?
carbon dioxide
What is a disadvantage for direct phosphorylation?
energy only lasts for 15 seconds
What is a disadvantage for anaerobic
only makes 2 ATP per molecule, much less efficient, produces lactic acid
disadvantages to aerobic pathway
slower, requires more oxygen
what is EPOC or oxygen debt?
EPOC stands for Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption. it is the result of an elevation in oxygen consumption and metabolism, which occurs after exercise as the body recovers, repairs, and returns to its pre-exercise state. This can happen for up to 24 hours, according to some sources.
