muscle fatigue

Question 1

isometric

Answer 1

no shortening of muscles, muscle tension increases, but does not exceed load

Question 2

isotonic

Answer 2

muscle shortens because muscle tension exceeds load

Question 3

what is a motor unit composed of?

Answer 3

the motor neuron and all muscle fibers

Question 4

latent period

Answer 4

period between stimulus and crossbridge

Question 5

period of contraction

Answer 5

crossbridge/contraction

Question 6

period of relaxation

Answer 6

where the muscle resets, calcium entry into SR – tension declines to zero.

Question 7

what does a twitch myogram look like

Answer 7

mountain

Question 8

what does a temporal (wave) summation myogram look like

Answer 8

waves

Question 9

what does an unfused (incomplete) tetanus myogram look like

Answer 9

increases, then at the top it has waves, then it decreases

Question 10

what does a Fused (complete) tetanus myogram look like

Answer 10

Increases, flat line at the top, then decreases

Question 11

what is muscle tone

Answer 11

constant, slightly contracted state of all muscles

Question 12

ATP is the energy molecule for muscle contraction, what specifically is it used for?

Answer 12

• Crossbridge
• Resetting muscle contractions
• Pump sodium (Na 2+) out and pump potassium (k+) back in

Question 13

3 ways to generate ATP

Answer 13

-direct phosphorylation of ADP by creatine phosphate (CP)
-Anaerobic pathway: glycolysis and lactic acid formation
-Aerobic pathway

Question 14

How many ATP’s are generated per creatine molecule in the direct phosphorylation pathway?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

How many ATP’s are generated per glucose in the anaerobic pathway?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

What are the waste products of the anaerobic pathway?

Answer 16

lactic acid

Question 17

How many ATP’s are generated in the aerobic pathway?

Answer 17

32 ATPs

Question 18

What are the waste products of the aerobic pathway?

Answer 18

carbon dioxide

Question 19

What is a disadvantage for direct phosphorylation?

Answer 19

energy only lasts for 15 seconds

Question 20

What is a disadvantage for anaerobic

Answer 20

only makes 2 ATP per molecule, much less efficient, produces lactic acid

Question 21

disadvantages to aerobic pathway

Answer 21

slower, requires more oxygen

Question 22

what is EPOC or oxygen debt?

Answer 22

EPOC stands for Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption. it is the result of an elevation in oxygen consumption and metabolism, which occurs after exercise as the body recovers, repairs, and returns to its pre-exercise state. This can happen for up to 24 hours, according to some sources.