Nervous system meds; meds for pain Flashcards
G: levodopa/carbidopa
B: Sinemet
Classification/Action
Anti-parkinson agent; acts to replace dopamine levels in CNS
Notes
SE: Nausea and vomiting; orthostatic decrease in BP; dark urine, psycho S/S (hallucinations, paranoid ideation); dysrhythmias
G: benztropine
B: Cogentin
Classification/Action
Antiparkinson; for tx of Parkinson’s EPS, including drug induced EPS
Notes
SE: anticholinergic S/S as dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation; confusion
G: donepezil
B: Aricept
Classification/Action
Anti-Alzheimer’s agent; cholinesterase inhibitor (so works to increase Ach)
Notes
SE: cholinergic S/S as N&V, diarrhea, dyspepsia, bronchoconstriction (caution with asthma, COPD pt)
G: phenobarbital
B:
Classification/Action
Barbiturate anticonvulsant; sedative/hypnotic
Notes
Schedule IV; Tx of partial and generalized T-C seizures (check blood levels: 15-40mcg/mL); more often used w/children than adults
SE: lethargy
G: phenytoin
B: Dilantin
Classification/Action
anticonvulsant, especially for tonic-clonic & partial seizures; also a cardiac antidysrhythmic
Notes
check blood levels; 10-20 mcg/mL; do not abruptly D/C
SE: pink urine; gingivial hyperplasia; ataxia, nystagmus, diplopia; agranulocytosis, decreased blood count
G: diazepam
B: Valium
Classification/Action
Benzodiazepine anticonvulsant (also skeletal muscle relaxant, sedative, antianxiety agent)
Notes
Schedule IV; especially for tx of status epilepticus
SE: sedation, dizziness; nausea, dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation; rash; do not abruptly D/C
G: baclofen
B: Lioresal
Classification/Action
Skeletal muscle relaxant; antispasticity agent
Notes
SE: drowsiness, urinary retention, constipation; decreased BP; rash; do not abruptly D/C
G: prednisone
B: Deltasone
Classification/Action
anti-inflammatory; immunosuppressant in large doses
Notes
SE: increased risk of infections; osteoporosis, skin thinning, hyperglycemia, GI ulcer; adrenal gland suppression; slow wound healing; taper to D/C
G: ASA; aspirin
B:
Classification/Action
NSAID; Cox1 &Cox2 enzyme inhibitor; platelet aggregate inhibitor
Notes
Some protection against MI
SE: N&V, GI upset & bleeding; tinnitus (toxicity sign); not recommended for use in children (risk of Reyes)
G: ibuprofen
B: Motrin, Advil
Classification/Action
NSAID; Cox1 &Cox2 enzyme inhibitor
Notes
Causes less GI bleeding than ASA, but less platelet aggregation inhibition so no MI protection
**SE: **
G: celecoxib
B: Celebrex
Classification/Action
2nd generation NSAID, Cox2 inhibitor
Notes
SE: GI upset but less risk of GI bleeding than Cox1 inhibitors; rash; possible increased risk of MI, stroke
G: ketorolac
B: Toradol
Classification/Action
NSAID, Cox1 & Cox2 enzyme inhibitor
Notes
PO, IM, IV; low-inflammatory effects; for short-term acute pain tx, especially post-op
SE: GI bleeding
G: etanercept
B: Enbrel
Classification/Action
immunosuppresant, DMARD (TNF blocker); tx of RA, Crohn’s, UC, psoriasis
Notes
SE: bone marrow suppression, increases risk of infection (especially URI), neoplasm, HF; avoid if pt has MS
G: acetaminophen
B: Tylenol, APAP
Classification/Action
analgesic for mild pain; antipyretic
Notes
SE: rash; hepatotoxicity w/prolonged large doses or w/overdose
G: morphine
B:
Classification/Action
opioid analgesic; tx of moderate to severe pain
Notes
Schedule II
SE: N&V, constipation; rash; decreased respiratory rate (hold if R <12), decreased BP; sedation; opioid OD triad; pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, coma
G: meperidine
B: Demerol
Classification/Action
opioid for moderate top severe pain; esp for biliary pain as does not cause spasm at sphincter of Oddj; in L&D
Notes
Schedule II
SE: see morphine; only use short term (48 hrs) as its metabolite can cause neurotoxicity & seizures in longer term use
G: fentanyl
B: Duragesic, Sublimaze
Classification/Action
opioid analgesic; tx for severe pain
Notes
Schedule II; parenteral; transdermal patch, transmucosal forms
SE: see morphine
G: oxycodone
B: OxyContin
Classification/Action
opioid analgesic; slow release (q 12 hr PO dosing)
Notes
Schedule II
SE: constipation, respiratory depression (if R < 12/min, assess level of sedation)
G: hydrocodone/acetaminophen
B: Lortab; Vicodin
Classification/Action
Opioid analgesic w/acetaminophen; tx of moderate pain; also antitussive effects
Notes
Schedule III
SE: respiratory depression, decreased B/P; sedation, constipation
G: nalbuphine
B: Nubain
Classification/Action
Opoid agonist/antagonist; tx of moderate to severe pain
Notes
Schedule IV; less risk of addiction due to opioid antagonist effect
SE: dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth
G: gabapentin
B: Neurontin
Classification/Action
Analgesic adjuvant; anticonvulsant; also used as mood stabilizer
Notes
Especially used for neuropathic pain & migraine prophylaxis
SE: drowsiness, lethargy
G: amitriptyline
B: Elavil
Classification/Action
Analgesic adjuvant; especially for prevention of migraine headache
Notes
antidepressant in large doses
SE: drowsiness, orthostatic decrease B/P, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
G: sumatriptan
B: Imitrex
Classification/Action
Vascular headache suppressant, tx of migraine headache; also cluster headache tx
Notes
For tx of migraine, not prevention
SE: dizziness, transient “chest heaviness”
