anti-infectives Flashcards
G: amoxicillin
B: Amoxil
Classification/Action
PCN, broad spectrum (against both gm+ and gm-) bactericidal; inhibits cell wall synthesis
Notes
Clavulanate may be added for increased strength against penicillinase secreting bacteria (Augmentin)
SE: diarrhea; allergic reation (from rash to anaphylaxis)
G: ceftriaxone
B: Rocephin
Classification/Action
3rd generation cephalosporin, broad spectrum bactericidal
Notes
Able to cross blood-brain barrier
SE: diarrhea, increased risk of antibiotic associated with pseudo-membranous colitis often related to C. diff; allergic reaction
G: erythromycin
B: E-mycin
Classification/Action
macrolide, bacteriostatic & bactericidal (in lg doses)
Notes
eliminated by liver in bile, check liver enzymes especially if dark urine
SE: diarrhea, rash; possible dyrhythmias
G: vancomycin
B: Vancocin
Classification/Action
bactericidal, only for most serious (gm+) infections including hospital acquired MRSA
Notes
Narrow therapeutic index, do peaks and troughs
SE: “red man” syndrome allergic reaction (give IV slowly over 60 minutes to decrease this risk); ototoxic, nephrotoxic (check urine output)
G: tetracycline HCl
B: Sumycin
Classification/Action
bacteriostatic, broad spectrum but increased use has created greater resistance
Notes
Do not give oral form w/milk or calcium containing products
SE: rash; photosensitivity; causes staining of teeth in 8 year olds and under
G: gentamicin
B: Garamycin
Classification/Action
aminoglycoside, bactericidal; for more serious (gm- but also MRSA) infections
Notes
narrow therapeutic index, do peaks & troughs
SE: rash; photosensitivity; ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity; possible neurotoxicity (rare)
G: ciprofloxacin
B: Cipro
Classification/Action
fluoroquinolone, broad spectrum bactericidal
Notes
SE: diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis; rash; photosensitivity; may cause confusion in the elderly
G: TMP-SMZ
B: Bactrim, Septra
Classification/Action
broad spectrum bacteriostatic & bactericidal; “sulfa” drug; inhibits folic acid synthessis needed for metabolism
Notes
SE: rash; can cause crystaluria so keep pt well hydrated; photosensitivity; can cause blood dyscrasias, serious skin disorder
G: izoniazid
B: INH
Classification/Action
antitubercular (prophylaxis and/or treatment); given in combination with other antituberculars for tx
Notes
SE: rash; peripheral neuropathy (pyridoxine may help decrease this), confusion; behavior changes, hepatotoxicity (monitor labs for liver function, check for jaundice)
G: rifampin
B: Rifadin
Classification/Action
broad spectrum bactericidal especially used as antitubercular (given with other antituberculars if for TB tx)
Notes
SE: rash; turns urine (and other body fluids) reddish orange; possible hepatotoxicity so monitor liver enzymes
G: fluconazole
B: Diflucan
Classification/Action
broad spectrum antifungal
Notes
given Po, IV, topically
**SE: may cause rash, N&V but generally well tolerated **
G: nystatin
B: Mycostatin
Classification/Action
antifungal; for local candidiasis infections
Notes
“swish and swallow”; also available as a topical cream
**SE: **
G: metronidazole
B: Flagyl
Classification/Action
antibacterial (including anaerobic) and antiprotozoan; especially used for GI infections
Notes
May give with food or milk to decrease GI upset
SE: diarrhea; rash; metallic tastein mouth, dark urine; NO ETOH!
G: acyclovir
B: Zovirax
Classification/Action
antiviral, helps decrease severity of S&S (signs and symptoms) rather than curing; especially for herpes/varicella infections, zoster/shingles
Notes
SE: rash; headache; may be nephrotoxic especially with large IV doses; possible bone marrow suppression, anemia
G: nitrofurandantoin
B: Macrodantin
Classification/Action
broad spectrum urinary antiseptic, bacteriostatic and bactericidal
Notes
For acute lower UTI and prophylaxis for recurrent UTI’s; give with food
SE: diarrhea; darkening of urine; rash; headache, dizziness; peripheral neuropathy
