Meds that affect the blood Flashcards
G: heparin
B:
Classification/Action
anticoagulant; prevention of thrombus formation (DVT, PEm); [antidote–protamine sulfate]
Notes
Interferes with factor Xa and thrombin clotting factors needed for fibrin formation; monitor aPTT (therapeutic range: 1.5-2x normal; 60-80 seconds)
SE: bleeding, bruising
G: dalteparin
B: Fragmin
Classification/Action
anticoagulant; prevention of thombus formation (DVT, PEm)
Notes
Increases inhibitory effect of antithrombin on factor Xa clotting factor and thrombin; monitor platelet levels
SE: bleeding, anemia
G: warfarin
B: Coumadin
Classification/Action
anticoagulant; prevention of thrombus formation [antidote–vitamin K]
Notes
interferes with vitamin K sythesis needed for 4 clotting factors including prothrombin; monitor PT (therapeutic: 18-24 secs), INR (2-3); often used long term
SE: bleeding, hematoma
G: aspirin (ASA)
B:
Classification/Action
platelet aggregate inhibitor; prevention of arterial thrombosis; also NSAID, antipyretic
Notes
used for TIA, MI prophylaxis in low dose
SE: GI upset, GI bleeding; toxic levels causes tinnitus, metablic acidosis
G: clopidogrel
B: Plavix
Classification/Action
Platelet aggregate inhibitor; for prevention of arterial thrombosis, TIA’s
Notes
Esp for thromboembolism prevention after MI and assoc with prosthetic devices as heart valves and hip replacement
SE: bleeding (including GI)
G: cilostazol
B: Pletal
Classification/Action
platelet aggregate inhibitor; also vasodilator; promotes blood flow; for tx of PVD (arterial), intermittent claudication
Notes
best taken w/o food on empty stomach
SE: H/A, palpitations
G: alteplase
B: tPA
Classification/Action
thrombolytic agent; initial tx of MI, PEm, acute ischemic stroke
Notes
SE: local and internal bleeding
G: streptokinase
B: Streptokase
Classification/Action
thrombolytic agent, tx of MI, DVT, PEm, arterial emboli or thrombosis
Notes
SE: local and internal bleeding
G: cholestyramine
B: Questran
Classification/Action
antilipidemic; bile acid sequestrant; acts to lower cholesterol
Notes
mix powder in water or juice
SE: N&V, GI cramping, constipation
G: gemfibrozil
B: Lopid
Classification/Action
antilipidemic; acts mainly to decrease triglycerides; some decr in cholesterol (LDL’s low density lipoproteins)
Notes
Ck periodic liver enzymes
SE: GI disturb, gallstones; hepatoxicity; myopathy/rhabdomyolysis (rare)
G: atorvastin
B: Lipitor
Classification/Action
antilipidemic, statin; acts to decrease cholesterol (decrease LDL’s and incr HDL’s) and decrease triglycerides; usually given long-term
Notes
Ck periodic liver enzymes; best taken in the evening
SE: H/S, GI upset, hepatotoxicity; myopathy/rhabdomyolysis; poss caracts
G: nicotinic acid (niacin)
B:
Classification/Action
antilipidemic; acts to decrease triglycerides (VLDL’s), cholesterol (decr LDL’s with some incr in HDL’s); very large doses (100x recommended daily allowance)
Notes
SE: skin flushing, burning sensation to arms, neck (taking ASA 325 mg 30 minutes before dosing helps prevent this); GI irritation hepatotoxicity
G: ferrous sulfate
B: Feosol
Classification/Action
antianemic; mineral in hemeglobin, myoglobin; many enzymes
Notes
No antacid or milk w/i hour of administration; best taken w/o food on empty stomach
SE:nausea, constipation, melena, teeth staining (liquid)
G: folic acid
B:
Classification/Action
antianemic; nec for RBC formation, normal fetal dev (neural tube)
Notes
SE:** rash, sleep disturb**
G: epoetin alfa
B: Epogen
Classification/Action
hematopoietic growth factor; stimulates RBC production
Notes
biologic response modifier
SE:** H/A, incr BP, thrombotic events (MI, stroke) if hemoglibin > 12g/dL**
