cardiovascular system meds

Question 1

G: hydrochlorothiazide

B HCTZ

Answer 1

Classification/Action

Thiazide diuretic; produces moderate diuresis, used in tx of HTN, HF

Notes

Enc increases with K+ foods

SE: dehydration, hypokalemia w/weakness

Question 3

G: furosemide

B Lasix

Answer 3

Classification/Action

Loop diuretic; produces strong diuresis; for tx of HTN, HF

Notes

Enc increases with K+ foods

SE: dehydration, hypotension; diarrhea,hypokalemia w/ weakness, muscle/leg cramping

Question 4

G: spironolactone

B: Aldactone

Answer 4

Classification/Action

K+ sparing diuretic, aldosterone antagonist; causes mild diuresis; used to tx HTN, HF

Notes

SE: headache, hyperkalemia w/weakness

Question 5

G: captopril

B: Capoten

Answer 5

Classification/Action

Antyhypertensive; ACE inhibitor; causes decrease in aldosterone release, increases water & salt excretion; peripheral (especially arterial) vasodilation

Notes

Also tx for HF; better absorption on empty stomach

SE: annoying cough; hypotension, weakness; hyperkalemia; angioedema

Question 6

G: losartan

B: Cozaar

Answer 6

Classification/Action

Antihypertensive; angiotension II receptor blocker (ARB); causes decrease of aldosterone release, increase water & salt excretion; peripheral (especially arterial) vasodilation

Notes

Also for tx of HF

SE: (does not cause cough); hypotension, dizziness; less risk of hyperkalemia

Question 7

G: metroprolol

B: Lopressor, Toprol XL

Answer 7

Classification/Action

Antihypertensive; antianginal; cardioselective beta (adrenergic) blocker (BB); causes decreased heart stimulation

Notes

Caution is asthma pt, diabetic pt

SE: fatigue, weakness, hypotension, heart block & failure, brachycardia (hold if P <60)

Question 8

G: prazosin

B: Minipress

Answer 8

Classification/Action

Antihypertensive: alpha (adrenergic) blocker (AB); blocks effects of NE on vascular bed, causes peripheral (arterial and vein) vasodilation

Notes

SE: H/A, dizziness; possible fluid retention; orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia; advise pt of risk of 1st doe fainting due to hypotension

Question 9

G: amlodipine

B: Norvasc

Answer 9

Classification/Action

antyhypertensive, antianginal, CCB decrease wok load of heart, Decrease Ca conduction through AV node and causes peripheral heart (arterial) vasodilation

Notes

Acts mainly on vascular smooth muscle

SE: H/A; reflex tachycardia (arteriole vasodilator effect); peripheral edema, constipation

Question 10

G: hydralazine

B: Apresoline

Answer 10

Classification/Action

antihypertensive; periph (art) vasodilator; relaxes smooth muscle

Notes

SE: H/A dizziness, reflex tachycardia

Question 11

G: digoxin

B: Lanoxin

Answer 11

Classification/Action

cardiotonic (causes incr force of cardiac contraction), antidisrhythmic (as, tx atrial tachydisrhythmias)

Notes

cardiac glycoside; monitor blood levels (0.5-2 ng/ml)

SE: anorexia, N & V, decr pulse (hold if AP below 60), vision changish including greenish-yellow halos

Question 12

G: nitroglycerine (NTG)

B: Nitrostat

Answer 12

Classification/Action

vasodilator (incl peripheral veins, coronary arteries); antianginal

Notes

SE: H/A hypotension, tachycardia, dizziness

Question 13

G: verapamil

B: Calan

Answer 13

Classification/Action

antianginal, antidysrhythmic, antihypertensive; CCB; cause decrease work load of heart by causing decreasing conduction thru AV node; also causes peripheral arterial vasodilation

Notes

also for tx of migraine H/A

SE: brachycardia, hypotension; heart block, HF, fluid overload, peripheral edema; constipation

Question 14

G: propranolol

B: Inderal

Answer 14

Classification/Action

antianginal, antidysrhythmic, antihypertensive; non-selective (adrenergic) blocker (BB), causes decrease heart stimulation, bronchoconstriction

Notes

also inhibits bronchial receptors, promoting bronchoconstriction

SE: brachycardia, hypotension; heart block; can cause bronchospasm so avoid use in asthmatics

Question 15

G: lidocaine

B:

Answer 15

Classification/Action

antidysrhythmic (as, ventricular tachydystrhythmias); Na channel blocker, also local anesthetic

Notes

SE: incr Pulse or decr Pulse; drowsiness in high doses, parasthesias; convulsions at toxic levels

Question 16

G: amiodarone

B: Cordarone

Answer 16

Classification/Action

antidysrhymic (as, ventricular tachydysrhythmias); K channel blocker

Notes

Monitor EKG

SE: brachycardia, hypotension, heart block, HF, vision changes; photosensitivity, poss thyroid and lung toxicity

Question 17

G: atropine sulfate

B:

Answer 17

Classification/Action

antidysrhythmic (as, bradycardia); anticholinergic

Notes

for tx of bradycardia

SE: anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation), drowsiness, tachycardia

Question 18

G: dopamine

B: Intropin

Answer 18

Classification/Action

vasopressor, adrenergic agonist; to improve BP, P, cardiac output, renal vasodilation w/incr urine output in shock

Notes

Provide for hydration

SE: adrenergic effects as H/A, palpitations; excessive incr BP, IV inflitration (extravasation) can cause tissue necrosis

Question 19

G: epinephrine

B: Adrenalin

Answer 19

Classification/Action

vasopressor/vasoconstrictor, causes incr P, increase myocardial contractility in shock, bronchodilator

Notes

for tx of shock; also in serious allergic reactions; antiasthmatic

SE: nervousness, tremor, hypertension