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Skin/Musculoskeletal: Anatomy/Dissection > Nervous System General Concepts > Flashcards

Nervous System General Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

What type of neuron is the most common in the nervous system?

A

the multipolar

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2
Q

Where are pseudounipolar neurons located?

A

Only in sensory ganglia

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3
Q

What cranial nerve is associated with bipolar neurons?

A

CN *

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4
Q

WHat are the main structures we discussed in regards to the central nervous system?

A
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5
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

spinal and cranial nerves

it is located outside the skull and vertebral column

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6
Q

What cranial nerves derive from the cerebral hemisphere?

from the brain stem?

from the spinal cord?

A

1 and 2 are associated with the cerebral hemisphere

3-10 and 12 are derived derived from the brain stem

11 is derived from the spinal cord, but it enters the cranial cavity before going to it’s target, so it’s referred to as a cranial nerve

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7
Q

How many spinal nerve pairs are there?

How many from each region of the spin?

A

31 pairs:

8 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral

1 coccygeal

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8
Q

What does CN1 control?

A

olfactory

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9
Q

What does CN 2 conrtol?

A

Optic

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10
Q

WHat does CN 3 control?

A

oculomotor

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11
Q

CN 4?

A

trochlear

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12
Q

CN 5?

A

trigeminal

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13
Q

CN 6?

A

abducens

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14
Q

CN 7?

A

facial

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15
Q

CN 8?

A

vestibulocochlear

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16
Q

CN 9?

A

glossopharyngeal

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17
Q

CN 10

A

vagus

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18
Q

CN 11?

A

Accessory - deltoid and sternocleidomastoid

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19
Q

CN 12?

A

hypoglossal

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20
Q

How do ganglia and neuclei differ?

A

A ganglia is a collection of nerve cell bodies located OUTSIDE the CNS

A nucleus is a collection of nerve cell bodies located INSIDE the CNS

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21
Q

WHat are the two general type sof ganglia?

A
  1. sensory ganglia: include spinal nerve ganglia (dorsal root ganglia) and cranial nerve ganglia (from CN 5, 7, 8, 9, 10)
  2. Autonomic/Motor/Visceral Ganglia - includes both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia
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22
Q

WHere do spinal sensory nerve fibers (both somatic and ivsceral) have their cell bodies?

A

In the dorsal root ganglia (sensory ganglia) located outside the CNS

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23
Q

What types of neurons will be found in the dorsal root ganglia?

A

pseudounipolar neurons with central processes going into the CNS and peripheral processes gonig into the PNS

24
Q

What is another term for visceral motor ganglia?

A

autonomic ganglia or motor ganglia

25
Q

Where are autonomic nerve cell bodies located?

A

they are located in the motor/visceral/autonomic ganglia found outside the CNS

the spinal autonomic ganglia are in the paravertebral ganglion alongside the vertebral bodies in the sympathetic chain

26
Q

WHat conneccts the sympathetic chain ganglia to the spinal nerve?

A

2 communicating rami, or branches

27
Q

Does the autonomic system consist of 1 neuron or 2 neurons?

A

2 neurons

the first has a cell body within the CNS, which sends a process out to synapse on a ganglion

the second is a multipolar neuron in the ganglion which sends out a process to its target organs: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or a gland

28
Q

WHat are the structures called?

A
29
Q

What’s located in the dorsal column or funiculus?

A

ascending sensory neurons only - they are pseudounipolar neurons with cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia

30
Q

What is located in the lateral and anterior columns or faniculi?

A

ascending sensory neurons and descending motor neurons

31
Q

What happens to the size and shape of the cord as it moves downard?

A

it gets smaller and rounder

32
Q

What happens to the amount of white matter as you move down the spinal cord?

A

it decreases in amount - it’s because nerves are dropping out and you don’t need as many cell bodies

33
Q

Where is the amount of grey matter greatest?

A

in the lower cervical area (you need lots of cells for the arms) and in the lumbosacral L2-S3 areas for the legs

34
Q

Through what levels is a lateral horn present?

A

T1-L2

35
Q

What is located in the sensory (dorsal/posterior) horn?

A

multipolar neurons that send their asons to multipolar neurons at higher levels in the CNS or in the ventral or anterior horn (interneurons)

36
Q

WHat does the lateral horn contain?

A

preganglionic cell bodies (multipolar neurons) of the autonomic nervous system

it’s also known as the intermediolateral cell column

37
Q

What is contained in the motor (ventral/anterior) horn?

A

alpha motor neurons (lower motor neurons) that send their asons to innervate extrafusal skeletal muscle fibers/cells

gamma motor neurons that innervate the intrafusal muscle fibers/cells of the neuromuscular spindle

38
Q

What is the difference between an upper and a lowe rmotor neuron?

A

an upper motor neuron originates in the CNS and terminate within the CNS

lower motor neurons originate in the CNS and terminate outside the CNS on the organ of innervation - these are the somatic motor neurons

39
Q

WHat is the difference between the somatic peripheral nervous system and the visceral pripheral nervous system?

A

somatic neurvous system is innervating the muscles and skin of the body wall. The visceral system goes tot he interior organs - also called the splanchnic system.

40
Q

Where do somatic nerves come off of?

A

they are associated with both spinal and cranial nerves

41
Q

Where does the sympathetic nervous system take origin?

A

From the spinal cord

it’s a two neuron system, so the pregnaglion neuron will synapse on the paravertebral ganglion and the post ganglionic neuron will terminate on the target organ.

it uses the paravertebral ganglia

42
Q

Where does the parasympathetic system originate?

where are the parasympathetic ganglia located?

A

They originate in teh brain stem and from the sacral region of the spinal cord.

This is a two-neuron system again and MOTOR NEURONS ONLY.

the ganglia are located near the organ of innervation.

43
Q

Are afferent fibers sensory or motor?

A

sensory

they bring information from the periphery to the CNS

the cell bodies will be in ganglia

44
Q

what are general somatic afferent fibers (GSA)?

A

they are sensory nerve fibers that go from the soma to the CNS

45
Q

WHat are general visceral afferent fibers (GVA)?

A

they are sensory fibers form the viscera tot he CNS

46
Q

Is an efferent fiber sensory or motor?

A

motor

47
Q

What is a general somatic efferent (GSE) fiber?

A

a motor fiber that originates int he CNS and terminates on skeletal muscle

48
Q

What are general visceral efferent (GVE) fibers?

A

they are motor nerve fibers that come in pairs: 1 that originates int he CNS and terminates in a ganglia and a second that terminates on a visceral organ

49
Q

Are the rami mixed nerves?

A

yes - they have both sensory and motor - they’re just branches of the spinal nerve, which is already mixed

50
Q

What does the dorsal ramus supply? What does the bentral remus give rise to/supply?

A

THe dorsal ramus supplies the deep muscles of the back and the skin fo the back

The ventral ramus gives rise to the nerve plexi and intercostal nerves that supply the limbs and the remainder of the body wall

51
Q

In what important way do cranial nerves differ from spinal nerves (besides where they originate)?

A

each cranial nerve may be purely sensory, purely motor, or mixed, while spinal nerves are all mixed

also, cranial nerves do NOT have dorsal and ventral roots or dorsal and ventral rami

52
Q

Which 5 cranial nerves are associated with sensory ganglia?

A

5, 7, 8, 9, and 10

53
Q

Which three cranial nerves have autonomic or motor ganglia (parasympathetic) in the head?

which one has motor ganglia near the organ of innervation?

A

3, 7, and 9 have motor ganglia in the head

10 has motor ganglia near or int he organs of innervation

54
Q

OF the following, which do cranial nerves have?

sensory ganglia

parasympathetic ganglia

sympathetic ganglia

A

cranial nerves have only sensory and parasympathetic

they do NOT have sympathetic ganglia - those are just with spinal nerves

55
Q
A

Skin/Musculoskeletal: Anatomy/Dissection (12 decks)

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