Joints, Bursae, and Synovium Flashcards
WHat is an articulation?
where two or more bones come together forming a joint
What is Hilton’s Law in regards to innervation of joints?
nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles moving the joint and the adjacent skin. Basically, nerves that course close to a joint supply the joint.
What do nerves provide for a joint?
proprioception (ability to send info to the CNS about joint movement and position)
also pain
WHat are the two big classifications of joints?
synarthrosis (together joints)
and
Diarthroses /Synovial joints (moveable joints)
What are the 3 main types of synarthrosis joints?
- syndesmosis
- synchroncrosis
- synostosis
What is a syndesmosis and give 2 examples?
fibrous joint
in the cranial sutues and the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna
WHat is a synchrondrosis and give 3 examples?
a cartilaginous joint
epiphyseal plate, which is the growht plate present in children - contains hyaline cartilage
Intervertebral disc - fibrocartilage found between vertebrae
symphysis - fibrocartilage found between 2 pubic bones
What is a synostosis? Give 2 examples.
a joint where 2 bones are joined by bone. THey may have been syncohrdroses during development.
frontal bones
mature epiphyseal plates
what type of synarthrosis is between a tooth and the alveolar bone above?
gomphosis
What is the difference between a primary and secondary synchrondrosis?
the primary cartilginous joint is temporary - like the epiphyseal plate with hyaline cartilage
a secondary cartilaginous joint is permanent - like the fibrocartilage in the interbertebral discs
What are 5 features of diarthroses (moveable joints)?
- synovial space
- synovial fluid
- fibrous capsule
- synovial membrane or sac
- articular surface of hyaline cartilage
What are the 6 types of diarthrodial joints?
- plane joints
- hinge joints
- saddle joints
- condyloid joints
- ball and socket joints
- pivot joints
WHat is a bursa?
fluid (synovial)-filled sacs that separate certain muscles, tendons, skin, and fascia from bones. A bursa may connect directly to a synovial cavity of a joint.
What is a plane joint?
Plane joints - permit gliding or sliding movements, e.g., the zygapophyseal joints (facet joints)
What is a hinge joint?
Hinge joints - permit flexion and extension only e.g., humeroulnar joint at the elbow
What is a saddle joint?
Saddle joints - biaxial joints e.g., carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
What is a condyloid (ellipsoid) joint?
Condyloid (ellipsoid) joints - biaxial joints which allow movement in two directions, sagittal and coronal e.g., metacarpophalangeal joints
What is a ball and socket joint?
Ball and socket joints - multiaxial articulations e.g., hip joint, shoulder
What is a pivot joint?
Pivot joints - permit rotation around a longitudinal axis e.g., proximal radioulnar joint
What does a bursa consist of?
a close sac or serous membrane with synovial fluid within the sac or cavity
what are synovial tendon sheaths? WHat are their layers/
Synovial tendon sheaths (serous membranes) consist of an inner layer that is attached to the tendon and is called the visceral layer, and an outer layer that is called the parietal layer. Synovial fluid found within the sac or cavity.
