Nervous System: Function & Organization

Question 1

Central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 1

The brain and spinal cord; integrates sensory information

Question 2

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 2

Consists of nervous tissues
(nerves, ganglia) that are outside the CNS; sends information to and from the CNS, allowing it to communicate with the rest of the body.

Question 2

Afferent Neurons

Answer 2

Neurons of the PNS that transmit impulses TO CNS

Question 2

Efferent Neurons

Answer 2

These neurons transmit impulses to effectors (the parts of your body that respond to signals from the nervous system; e.g. muscles, glands, or organs that carry out actions based on the instructions they receive from said neurons.

Question 3

Somatic Nervous System (SNS

Answer 3

Controls voluntary movements

Question 3

Autonomic System (ANS)

Answer 3

Controls involuntary movements. 2 subdivisions: Sympathetic Division and Parasympathetic Division.

Question 3

Parasympathetic Division

Answer 3

Activates “rest and digest” functions.

Question 3

Sympathetic Division

Answer 3

Activates “fight or flight” response.

Question 4

5 Types of Sensory Neurons

Answer 4

1. Mechanoreceptors
2. Chemoreceptors
3. Photoreceptors
4. Thermoreceptors
5. Nociceptors

Question 5

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 5

Respond to pressure or tension changes.

Question 6

Chemoreceptors

Answer 6

Detect chemicals on tongue and in nose (olfactory)

Question 7

Photoreceptors

Answer 7

Respond to light

Question 8

Thermoreceptors

Answer 8

Sense temperature changes

Question 9

Nociceptors

Answer 9

Detect pain

Question 10

Sensory Neurons Location (3 Types)

Answer 10

Exteroceptors: Transmit info about external environment.
Proprioceptors: Provide info about movement, position, and equilibrium.
Interoceptors: Provide info about internal stimuli.

Question 11

How do the Nervous System and Endocrine System work together? Endocrine System’s role:

Answer 11

Nerve impulses tell the brain (hypothalamus) how the body is doing. The hypothalamus tells the pituitary gland to release hormones.
These hormones control other glands in the endocrine system.

Question 12

How do the Nervous System and Endocrine System work together? Nervous System’s role:

Answer 12

The nervous system 2regulates heart rate, digestion, body temperature, movement, and brain functions.
It’s like the conductor of an orchestra, making sure all the instruments play in harmony.