Cardiovascular System: Functions of Heart

Question 1

How is the circulatory system involved in thermoregulation?

Answer 1

thermoreceptors, hypothalamus, and arterioles.

Question 2

What are the three layers of the heart?

Answer 2

Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium

Question 3

Epicardium

Answer 3

Outer layer of heart, protects, secretes lubricating serous fluid.

Question 4

Myocardium

Answer 4

Middle layer of heart, muscular, contracts to pump blood.

Question 5

Endocardium

Answer 5

The innermost layer of heart, lines the chambers and valves.

Question 6

What are the different valves of the heart?

Answer 6

The tricuspid valve (right AV valve), Pulmonary semilunar valve, Bicuspid valve (left AV valve, or mitral valve), aortic semilunar valve

Question 7

What is blood pressure?

Answer 7

Blood pressure measures arterial force by the blood on walls of the vessels; systolic over diastolic pressures.

Question 8

Systolic/Systole

Answer 8

The maximum pressure when the ventricles contract, forcing blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk; the top number.

Question 9

Diastole/Diastolic

Answer 9

The period in which the ventricles relax and blood pressure is at
its lowest point; the bottom number.

Question 10

Systemic Circulation

Answer 10

Longer circuit; blood pressure is higher; blood in arteries carries more oxygen than blood in the veins. When oxygen levels low, VASODILATION to promote blood flow to tissues that need it.

Question 11

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 11

Shorter circuit; low blood oxygen triggers VASOCONSTRICTION, which redirects blood to better ventilated parts of the lung.

Question 12

Vasoconstriction

Answer 12

The narrowing of blood vessels, reducing blood flow.

Question 13

What are the components of the ECG?

Answer 13

The P wave –> the QRS interval ———-> the ST segment —-> T wave ————-> U wave

Question 14

P Wave

Answer 14

ECG - Represents atrial depolarization

Question 15

QRS Interval

Answer 15

ECG - Represents ventricular depolarization

Question 16

ST Segment

Answer 16

ECG - Represents the period between ventricular depolarization and repolarization.

Question 17

T Wave

Answer 17

ECG - Represents ventricular repolarization.

Question 18

Elastic Arteries

Answer 18

Largest arteries (includes the aorta and major branches). Stretch when blood forced out of heart + recoil under low pressure.

Question 19

Tunic Media

Answer 19

Middle layer of blood vessels; smooth muscle and elastic fibers, regulate vessel diameter. More elastin than any other vessels.