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TEAS Science > Cardiovascular System: ECGs, Cardiac Arrhythmias, & Arterial & Venous Systems, > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System: ECGs, Cardiac Arrhythmias, & Arterial & Venous Systems, Flashcards

Functions of the Heart

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1
Q

What are the components of the ECG?

The P wave represents depolarization of the atria on an ECG. This is followed by the QRS interval, which |

A

The P wave –> the QRS interval ———-> the ST segment —-> T wave ————-> U wave

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2
Q

P Wave

A

ECG - Represents atrial depolarization

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3
Q

QRS Interval

A

ECG - Represents ventricular depolarization

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4
Q

ST Segment

A

ECG - Represents the period between ventricular depolarization and repolarization.

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5
Q

T Wave

A

ECG - Represents ventricular repolarization.

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6
Q

Elastic Arteries

A

Largest arteries (includes the aorta and major branches). Stretch when blood forced out of heart + recoil under low pressure.

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7
Q

Tunic Media

A

Middle layer of blood vessels; smooth muscle and elastic fibers, regulate vessel diameter. More elastin than any other vessels.

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8
Q

Cardiac arrhythmias

A

Abnormal heart beats; damage to the conduction system during major cardiac surgery or result of a myocardial infarction

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9
Q

Bradyarrhythmias

A

Abnormally slow pulse rates

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9
Q

Complete atrioventricular block (AV block)

A

Bradyarrhythmia: may be congenital or a response to surgical trauma.

hypotension and decrease in oxygenation. |

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9
Q

What are 3 types of bradyarrhythmia

A
  1. Complete atrioventricular block (AV block)
  2. Sinus bradycardia
  3. Junctional/nodal rhythms

hypotension and decrease in oxygenation. |

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10
Q

Sinus bradycardia

A

Bradyarrhythmia: caused by autonomic nervous system or hypotension and decrease in oxygenation.

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11
Q

Junctional/nodal rhythm

A

Bradyarrhythmia: occur post-surgical patients with no P wave.

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12
Q

Tachyarrhythmias

A

Abnormally fast pulse rates

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13
Q

Sinus tachycardia

A

Tachyarrhythmia: caused by fever and infection

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14
Q

Supraventricular tachycardia

A

Tachyarrhythmia (200-300 BPM) may have a sudden onset and result in congestive heart failure.

heart failure.

15
Q

Conduction irregularities

A

Type of cardiac arrhythmia; Post-operative insignificant irregular pulses

16
Q

Premature contractions

A

Type of cardiac arrhythmia; may arise from the atria or ventricles.

17
Q

What are the 3 layers of the walls of blood vessels?

A
  1. Tunica intima
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica adventitia
18
Q

Tunica intima

A

Innermost wall of blood vessel

19
Q

Tunica media

A

Middle wall of blood vessel; smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers

20
Q

Tunica adventitia

A

Outermost wall of blood vessel

21
Q

5 Types of Blood Vessels

A
  1. Elastic arteries
  2. Muscular arteries
  3. Arterioles
  4. Venules
  5. Veins
22
Q

Elastic arteries

A

The aorta and major branches.
1. Largest vessels
2. Tunica media = more elastin than any other blood vessel
3. They STRETCH & Recoil

23
Q

Muscular arteries

A

The arteries branching off elastic arteries.

  1. Tunica media = more smooth muscle cells, less elastic fibers
  2. Regulate blood flow by vasoconstriction/vasodilation.
24
Q

Arterioles

A

Tiny vessels - LEAD to capillary beds + PRIMARILY vasoconstriction and vasodilation; control blood flow to capillaries.

  1. Tunica media = thin/composed
  2. Made of smooth muscle cells.
25
Q

Venules

A

Tiny vessels - EXIT capillary beds + empty blood into larger veins.

  1. Thin, porous walls
  2. Few muscle cells and elastic fibers.
26
Q

Veins

A

Vessels that carry blood back to heart.

  1. Thin tunica media and tunica intima
  2. wide lumen
  3. valves prevent backflow of blood.
27
Q

Blood pressure is highest in ________; Lowest in ________.

A

Aorta; Vena Cava

28
Q

Where does the steepest drop in blood pressure occur?

A

Arterioles

29
Q

2 Types of blood flow?

A
  1. Turbulent
  2. Laminar
30
Q

Turbulence (blood flow)

A

Unsteady, swirling flow of blood occurring because 1. high velocity, 2. blood encounters obstruction, 3. vessels take sharp turn or narrow suddenly. PRODUCES SOUNDS.

31
Q

Laminar blood flow

A

Steady, streamlined flow of blood occurring throughout most of the
circulatory system. SILENT.

TEAS Science (9 decks)

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