Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Nervous System Development (don't need to study) > Flashcards

Nervous System Development (don't need to study) Flashcards

1
Q

Neural tube formation

A

Neural plate becomes elevated forming neural folds around neural groove

Two folds meet and fuse forming the neural tube surrounding the ventricular lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Neural tube subdivisions

A

Spinal cord, rhombencephalon, mesencephalon, and prosencephalon

Pro to diencephalon and telencephalon

Rhumb to metencephalon and myelencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Brainstem

A

Metencephalon and mesencephalon and myelencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Forebrain

A

Diencephalon and telencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Spinal cord development

A

Neuroepithelial cells proliferate in walls of neural tube so ventricular lumen thins

Neurons, oligodendroglial, or astroglial cells within mantle layer

Ventricular zone is continued proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ependymal layer

A

When neuroepithelial see and ventricular layer forms into this layer which lines lumen of adult brain and choroid plexus of epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Microglia

A

Mesenchymal derivatives that migrate into the CNS and function as macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Oligodendroglia

A

Wrap myelin around CNS axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Astroglia

A

Regulate extra cellular environment around neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Marginal zone

A

Future site of ascending and descending axons

Outer zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sulcus limitans

A

Longitudinal sulcus which delineates boundary between alar plate (dorsal horn) and basal plate (ventral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neural tube closure

A

Neural crest found between roof and overlying surface ectoderm

Transform into dorsal root ganglia neurons, autonomic ganglia neurons and Schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dorsal root ganglion cells

A

Contain sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ventral roots

A

Axons of motor neurons exit spinal cord as this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Formed when ventral roots become bundled together with peripheral processes of dorsal root ganglia

Peripheral nerves mixed in a bundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ganglion

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies outside CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nucleus

A

Collection of neuron cell bodies located inside CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Becomes medulla of adult brain

Neural tube closes and walls separate at the roof which then is Pia and ependyma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sulcus limitans

A

Boundary between basal plate and alar plate which process motor and sensory respectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Basal plate

A

Nearest to sulcus are visceral efferent and farthest are somatic efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Alar plate

A

Centra provesses of visceral afferent are nearest the sulcus and somatic afferents are furthest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Basal plate nerves

A

Trigeminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Diencephalon

A

Original termination at lamina terminal is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pineal gland

A

Develops as an outgrowth of the roof of the diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Telencephalon

A

Lateral outpocketing from either side of the lamina terminalis created paired lateral ventricles

Radial glial fibers guide migrations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Developing nervous system

A

Initial overproduction of neurons followed by cell death 50-80% same with synaptic connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Maturation of the Brain

A

Maturation of the Brain involves growth of neural tissue and reduction in size of the ventricles

Development of white matter occurs as axons extend and become myelinated organizing into tracts

Myelination creates white matter

28
Q

Neural crest

A

Peripheral nervous system and most of associated sensory structures derived from here and placodes

29
Q

Olfactory placodes

A

Olfactory receptor cells are derived from here

Invaginate and integrate into the nasal mucosa

30
Q

Trigeminal placodes

A

Induced to form metencephalon and develop into sensory cells of the trigeminal ganglion- touch of the face

31
Q

Epibranchial placodes

A

Induced where pharyngeal pouches contact ectoderm

Form VII, IX, X

32
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Touch, pain and temperature, vibration

33
Q

Origin and derivatives of the neural crest

A

Neural crest from neural ectoderm

34
Q

Cranial neural crest

A

Form cranioofacial mesenchyme that enters branchial arches and differentiates into cartilage, bone and connective tissue

V, VII, IX, X

35
Q

Trunk neural crest

A

Dorsolateral- pigment synthesizing melanocytes in skin, hair or feathers

Migrate ventrally and become sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion, Schwann cells, chromaffin, and neurons around aorta

36
Q

Vagal and sacral neural crest

A

Generate parasympathetic ganglia associated with viscera and gut regulating peristalsis

37
Q

Placodes

A

Ectodermal thickenings induced by underlying Brian regions

38
Q

Neural crest germ

A

4th germ layer

39
Q

Cardiac neural crest

A

Migrate to reach developing heart forming aorticopulmonary septum

40
Q

Neural crest

A

Neuronal cells, Schwann and sheath cells, pigment cells, endocrine and paraendocrine cells, facial structures, muscle and connective tissue

41
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Motor nerves- somatic and visceral

Special visceral efferents innervate branchial arch muscles

Visceral afferent in dorsal root ganglia

Afferents from placodes- special afferents

42
Q

Nasal region

A

Nasal placodes induced by telencephalon

Placodes sink inside nasal pits

Nasal placode never becomes vesicle

43
Q

Optic vesicle

A

A diencephalic evagination

Induced lens placode

Optic cup is secondary invagination of the vesicle

44
Q

Optic cup

A

Sensory part of retina is outer layer and inner layer forms pigment epithelium

45
Q

Lens vesicle

A

Elongate in light transforming into lens fibers

Lens induces cornea to develop

46
Q

Retinal ganglion cells

A

Travel from retina through optic stalk to reach the Brain and comprise optic nerves

47
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Thoracic lumbar sympathetic and cranial-sacral parasympathetic components

48
Q

Choroid plexus and granulomas

A

Choroid plexus within ventricles and produce CSF

In older horses cholesterol crystals accumulate in choroid plexus due to chronic bleeding which block CSF

49
Q

Meningocele and meningoencephalocele

A

Soft swelling

Menigocele selling located outside skull defect, meninges and skin

If contains brain tissue is a meningoencephalocele

50
Q

Cranioschisis

A

Skull defect

Inherited disorder in Burmese cats and associated with duplication of the face

51
Q

Exencephaly

A

Brain tissue that protrudes outside the cranial vault and is covered by meninges- exencephaly

Less common than meningocele or meningoencephalocele t also includes cranioschisis

52
Q

Dicephalus

A

Two headed calves

Result from early splitting of the primitive streak

53
Q

Prosencephalic hypoplasia

A

Partial failure of the outpocketing of the telencephalon from the neural tube

Midline defect involving neural tube

54
Q

Hydranencephaly

A

Cerebral neocortex is absent

Hippocampus, pyriform lobe, and basal ganglia may be present

Due to viral infection during critical period for neurogenesis

55
Q

Critical period brain development

A

Cerebral cortex and cerebellum have extended development and therefore extended critical periods

56
Q

Cerebellar malformations

A

Usually due to viral infection or inherited progressive degeneration

Most common caused by BVD

57
Q

Cerebellar abiotrophy

A

Postnatal degeneration of Purkinje neurons

Inherited condition, Kerry blue terriers

Produces late onset progressive ataxia

58
Q

Lissencephaly

A

Cerebral hemispheres not convoluted, appear smooth

Lis-1 (autosomal) gene mutation leads to generalized migration defect in males and females, microtubule dynamics implicated

Seizures common

Autosomal gene, DCX is x linked

59
Q

Migration using radial glia

A

As cells leave mitosis cycle that migrate to their final destinations using radial glia as guides

Cytoskeletal proteins are crucial for normal migration

60
Q

Cytoskeletal proteins

A

Crucial for normal migration

61
Q

DCX

A

X linked, produces effects related to lissencephaly

Doublecortin gene

62
Q

Normal cortical development

A

Preplate from first postmitotic cells to leave ventricular zone

Inside out migration of ventricular zone cells in successive waves

Crates 6 layers

63
Q

Holoprosencephaly

A

Telencephalon develops but incomplete bilateralization leading to facial deformation

Cyclopia, hypotelorism or hyper, ethmocephaly

Lambs, dogs and cats

64
Q

Morphogenetic signaling

A

Non neural signaling centers: prechordal plate, Hensens node, visceral endoderm, epidermal ectoderm (sonic hedgehog)

Neural signaling from forebrain midline: SHH and Fgf8

65
Q

Cyclopia

A

Single orbit

66
Q

Hypotelorism

A

Eyes closer that normal, hyper is wider than normal

67
Q

Ethmocephaly

A

Proboscis located dorsally between narrow set eyes

Neurology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions