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Anat final > nervous system: CNS brain > Flashcards

nervous system: CNS brain Flashcards

1
Q

parts

A

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain
functional systems

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2
Q

forebrain parts

A

cerebrum

diencephalon

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3
Q

cerebrum

A

=right and left cerebral hemispheres

  • lobes (named after overlying bones)
  • frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, insula (deep to temporal lobe)
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4
Q

cerebrum surface features

A

fissures
gyri
sulci

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5
Q

fissures

A

deep grooves

  1. longitudinal fissure (separates right and left hemispheres)
  2. transverse fissure (separates cerebellum and cerebrum)
  3. lateral fissure (separates temporal lobe from rest of cerebrum)
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6
Q

gyri

A

ridges
ex. postcentral gyrus in parietal lobe
precentral gyrus in frontal lobe

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7
Q

sulci

A 
shallow grooves (separate gyri)
ex. central sulcus - b/w frontal and parietal lobes
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8
Q

cerebrum has 3 layes

A

cerebral cortex
tracts
basal nuclei

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9
Q

cerebral cortex

A 
2-4 mm thick, gray matter
has functional areas:
motor areas 
sensory areas
association areas
 and others
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10
Q

motor areas

A

all in frontal lobe

  • control skeletal muscle movement
  • has three regions:
    1. primary motor area (precentral gyrus)
    2. premotor area
    3. broca’s-language
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11
Q

sensory areas

A

a. general sensory area
b. vision
c. auditory and olfaction
d. taste and visceral sensation

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12
Q

general sensory area

A

pain, temp, touch, pressure

-postcentral gyrus in parietal lobe

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13
Q

vision

A

occipital lobe

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14
Q

auditory and olfaction

A

temporal lobe

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15
Q

taste and visceral sensation

A

(eg. full bladder)

- insula

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16
Q

association areas

A

recognize info from memories

-parietal, occipital, temporal lobes

17
Q

others functional areas

A

memory in the temporal lobes
conscious intellect (personality, learning ideas, judgement etc)
-prefrontal cortex

18
Q

tracts

A 
white matter
-types:
association tracts 
commissural tracts 
projection tracts
19
Q

association tracts

A

from gyrus to gyrus in same hemisphere

20
Q

commissural tracts

A

from gyrus to gyrus in opposite hemispheres

eg. corpus callosum

21
Q

projection tracts

A

run vertically (brain to spinal cord/ spinal cord to brain)

22
Q

basal nuclei

A

paired masses of gray matter (w/in the white matter)

-involved in control of skeletal muscle movement

23
Q

diencephalon

A

all gray matter

2 parts : thalamus and hypothalamus

24
Q

thalamus

A

2 lobes connection by intermediate mass (bridge of gray matter across 3rd ventricle)
-relay station for most sensory impulses to cortex

25
Q

hypothalamus

A
  • inferior to thalamus, above pituitary
  • major regulator of the internal environment (visceral control)
    eg. blood pressure, heart rate
26
Q

mid brain

A

-connects pons and diencephalon
-contains cerebral aqueduct
-anterior portion = cerebral peduncles (projection tracts)
-posterior portion = 4 nuclei = corpora quadrigemina
2 superior colliculi - visual reflexes
2 inferior colliculi - hearing and auditory reflexes

27
Q

hindbrain contains

A

pons
medulla oblongata
cerebellum

28
Q

pons

A

anterior to cerebellum
contains:
-tracts b/w brain and spinal cord and tracts to/from cerebellum
-pontine respiratory centres

29
Q

medulla oblongata

A

inferior to pons
-ends at foramen magnum
-2 bulges called pyramids=large motor tracts ( = part of corticospinal tracts)
-just above spinal cord -> decussation of pyramids (tracts cross over)
(several non-vital centres - for swallowing, sneezing, vomiting)

30
Q

medulla oblongata 3 vital centres (nuclei) in medulla

A

cardiac
vasomotor (blood vessels)
respiratory

31
Q

brainstem is made up of

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

32
Q

cerebellum

A
  • posterior to pons and medulla
  • has folds similar to gyri=folia (cortex (gray matter))
  • arbor vitae (deep to cortex, anterior cerebellum) = white matter
  • coordinates skeletal muscle contraction (posture and balance)
33
Q

functional systems

A
  • limbic system

- reticular formation

34
Q

limbic system

A
  • nuclei in cerebrum and diencephalon
  • regulate emotion and emotional behaviours (laughing, crying, etc)
  • contains areas involved in memory (memories evoke emotional responses)
35
Q

reticular formation

A

-nuclei in brain
-cortex, thalamus and hypothalamus involved
(together form RAS- reticular activating system)
-regulates alertness and attention
(filters stimuli and only sends new/unusual signals to to other brain areas)
-sleep results when inhibited
-if damaged = coma

Anat final (13 decks)

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