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Anat final > 3. urinary systems > Flashcards

3. urinary systems Flashcards

1
Q

structures

A
  • 2 kidneys
  • 2 ureters
  • 1 urinary bladder
  • 1 urethra
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2
Q

functions

A

regulates and eliminates

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3
Q

regulates

A

blood pressure
blood volume
pH
ion concentrations

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4
Q

eliminates

A

wastes

eg. urea, uric acid, hormones, drugs

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5
Q

kidneys eternal anatomy

A
  • retroperitoneal
  • right lower than left
  • supported and protected by 3 layers of CT
  • renal hilus (hilium)
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6
Q

3 layers of CT

A

fibrous capsule
perirenal fat capsule
renal fascia

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7
Q

renal hilus (hilium)

A 
-medial indentation
entry point of :
renal artery (superior)
renal vein (inferior)
ureter
nerves
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8
Q

internal anatomy

A 
renal cortex (superficial)
renal medulla
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9
Q

renal medulla contains

A

renal pyramids and renal columns

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10
Q

renal pyramids

A

apex of pyramid = renal pailla

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11
Q

renal columns

A

separate pyramids

contain blood vessels

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12
Q

Nephron

A

functional unit of kidney (microscopic)

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13
Q

nephron composed of

A

renal corpuscle

renal tubules

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14
Q

renal corpuscle

A
  • in cortex

- site of blood filtration (first step in urine formation)

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15
Q

renal corpuscle parts

A

glomerulus
bowman’s capsule
filtration membrane

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16
Q

glomerulus

A

=capillary bed

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17
Q

bowman’s capsule

A

-surrounds glomerulus
-collects filtrate from glomerulus
-2 layers:
outer ( simple squamous epithelium)
inner =podocytes ->wrapped around glomerular capillaries

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18
Q

filtration membrane consists of

A
  • glomerular endothelium (capillaries)
  • basement membranes
  • podocytes (of bowman’s capsule)
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19
Q

glomerular endothelium

A

capillaries
-simple squamous with pores (=fenestrations)
-

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20
Q

podocytes (of bowman’s capsule)

A
  • simple epithelium

- projections “cling” to glomerulus)

21
Q

renel tubules

A 
4 parts:
proximal convoluted tubule (PTC)
loop of henle
distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
collecting ducts
22
Q

proximal convoluted tubule PTC

A

in cortex

23
Q

loop of henle

A

descending and ascending limbs

in medulla

24
Q

distal convoluted tubule DTC

A

in cortex

25
Q

collecting ducts

A

in cortex and medulla

-connect nephron to ureter by calcyes / renal pelvis)

26
Q

2 types of nephrons

A

cortical

juxtamedullary

27
Q

cortical

A

85%

  • renal corpuscles near kidney surface in cortex
  • short loop of Henle in outer medulla
28
Q

juxtamedullary

A

15%

  • renal corpuscles in cortex near medulla
  • long loops - penetrate deep into medulla
  • allow concentration of urine, depending on need
29
Q

kidney and nephron blood supply

A

page 3

30
Q

juxtaglomerular complex

A
  • regulates filtrate formation
  • point of contact b/w end of ascending limb, afferent and efferent arterioles at the renal corpuscle of the same nephron
31
Q

juxtaglomerular complex parts

A

tubular portion

arteriolar portion

32
Q

tubular portion

A

modified (tall and narrow) ascending limb cells = macula densa

33
Q

arteriolar portion

A
  • afferent and efferent arteriolar portion = granular (juxtaglomerular cells)
  • monitor blood pressure
  • modified smooth muscle cells -> contain renin (enzyme and hormone)
34
Q

ureters histology

A
  • mucosa
  • no submucosa
  • muscularis externa
  • adventitia/serosa
35
Q

mucosa

A

transitional epithelium

36
Q

no submucosa

A

lamina propria directly connected to muscularis externa

37
Q

muscularis externa

A

smooth muscle approx. three layers

38
Q

adventitia/seros

A

retroperitoneal

39
Q

urinary bladder internally

A

triangle formed by opening of 2 ureters (posteriorly) and urethra = trigone
*lacks rugae (smooth)-allows openings to remain in fixed position

40
Q

urethra histology

A

mucosa

muscularis externa

41
Q

urethra mucosa

A

transitional to stratified squamous epithelium

42
Q

urethra muscularis externa

A

smooth muscle

43
Q

urethra

A

-2 sphincters (both surrounded proximal end of ureter):
internal urethral sphincter
external urethral sphincter

44
Q

internal urethral sphincter

A

smooth muscle

-thickening of detrusor muscle at base of bladder

45
Q

external urethral sphincter

A

skeletal muscle

-in urogenital diaphragm

46
Q

urethra in females

A

transports urine

47
Q

urethra in males

A

transports urine and semen

48
Q

urinary system : filtrate movement

A

page 5

Anat final (13 decks)

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