Nervous System Cards

Question 1

What has the same effect as an endogenous neuropeptide?

Answer 1

Agonist

Question 2

What suffix is related to the neuropeptide acetyl choline?

Answer 2

Ergic, as in cholinergic.

Question 3

What suffix means to mimic acetyl choline at the Ach receptor?

Answer 3

Mimetic, as in cholinomimetic

Question 4

What has the opposing effect of an endogenous neuropeptide?

Answer 4

Antagonist

Question 5

What are other terms or prefix/suffixes for an antagonist?

Answer 5

Blocking agent, anti, lytic.

Question 6

Which adrenergic receptors cause vasoconstriction, increased peripheral resistance, increased blood rpessure and increased closure of internal sphincture of the bladder?

Answer 6

A1

Question 7

Which adrenergic receptors cause inhibition of noripinephrine releases and inhibition of insulin release?

Answer 7

A2

Question 8

Which adrenergic receptors cause tachycardia, increased lipolysis and increased myocardial contractility?

Answer 8

B1

Question 9

Which adrenergic receptors cause vasodilation, slightly decreased peripheral resistance, bronchodilation, increased muscle and liver glycogenolysis, increased release of glucagon and relaxed uterine smooth muscle?

Answer 9

B2

Question 10

These receptors are triggered by acetylcholine from preganglionic gibers, by nicotine and muscarine and are ion gated channels.

Answer 10

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Question 11

These re3ceptors are triggered by acetylcholine from postganglionic fibers and by muscarine more than nicotine and are G-protein channels.

Answer 11

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.

Question 12

What are the effects of adrenergic drugs?

Answer 12

Increased wakefulness (quickened reflexes), increased metabolism (glucos, libertation of fatty acids in adipose tissue), increase HR (dialtion of coronary BV, constriction of peripheral BV, relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles, increased sphincter tone of stomach, decreased gastric and intestinal motility.

Question 13

What are the uses of adrenergic drugs?

Answer 13

Hypovolemic or septic shock, allergic reactions to stop mast cell degranulation, short term treatment of problems with cardiac output or arrhythmias/heart block, control of superficial bleeding during surgery and brochodialtion.

Question 14

What are cholinergic drugs?

Answer 14

Mimic acetylcholine or may inhibit release of the acetylcholinesterase, used in the treatment of urinary retention and glaucoma.

Question 15

What are the uses of anti cholinergic drugs?

Answer 15

Gastrointestinal disorders, genitourinary disorders, respiratory disorders, ophthalmic uses, pre-surgical drug, Parkinson’s disease.

Question 16

What are possible sites of drug actions of muscle relaxants?

Answer 16

CNS, myelinated somatic nerves, unmyelinated motor nerve terminals, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, motor end plate of neuromuscular junctions, muscle membrane, contractile apparatus.

Question 17

What are other names for muscle relaxants?

Answer 17

Neuromuscular blocking agents and spasmolytics.

Question 18

How do neuromuscular blocking agents work?

Answer 18

They block transmissions at the endplate of the neuromuscular junction. They are used in anesthesia to reduce muscle tone and reactions.

Question 19

Enhance the level of inhibition, or reduce the level of excitation of the motor neuron at the interneuron junction in the spinal cord. Used in low back pain and fibromyalgia.

Answer 19

Spasmolytics.

Question 20

What does GABA stand for and what do they regulate?

Answer 20

Gamma Amino Butyric Acid neurotransmitter. Regulate neuronal excitability throught the nervous system and muscle tone.

Question 21

What are the effects of benzodiazopines?

Answer 21

Slow down the CNS. There are physical dependence and tolereance and withdrawal problems.

Question 22

What are benzodiazopines used for?

Answer 22

Used in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seiuzures and muscle spasms. Reduce anxiety during medical procedures, assist anesthesia, conter act anxiety related symptoms or some antidepressants.

Question 23

What are some symptoms of withdrawal?

Answer 23

Increased anxiety, concentration difficulties, tremor and sensory disturbances.

Question 24

What is the function of barbituates?

Answer 24

Depress CNS by affinity for GABA receptors, similar mechanism as benzodiazepines (codeine and phenobarbitol). Are addictive and dangerous in overdoses.

Question 25

What are barbituates used as?

Answer 25

Sedatives, hypnotics and anesthetics.

Question 26

What does the choice of anesthetic drugs depend on?

Answer 26

General physical condition of the patient, area, organ, system being operated on, anticipated length of surgical procedure.

Question 27

What are symptoms of depression?

Answer 27

Depressed mood, diminished interest in life, weight loss or gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, guilt, loss of ability to think or concentrate, thoughts of suicide.

Question 28

What are some CNS stimulants (Analeptic)

Answer 28

amphetamines, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine.

Question 29

What do amphetmaines and cocaine do?

Answer 29

Both drugs reuptake inhibitors for CNS nor-epinephrine and dopamine receptors. An increased level of these CNS neuropeptides cause and increase in blood pressure, an increase in wakefulness and produce and euphoric state.

Question 30

What are the effects of methylenedioxymethamphetmine?

Answer 30

Euphoria, decreased hostility, anxiety and insecurity, increased feelings of intimacy, empathy and self acceptance, insightfullness, intesification of sensory experience, particularyly auditory and tactile. Decreased appetite, urinary retention and hypoatremia, pupil dilation, increased heart rate and blood pressure, hyperthermia and diarrhea.

Question 31

How is MDMA thought to act by?

Answer 31

Acts by inhibiting the serotonin reuptake, reversing the action of the transporter and internalizes the pump into the cell and induces the release of nor-epinephrine and dopamine.

Question 32

What are the pharmacodyamics of caffeine?

Answer 32

As a competitive inhibitor of adenosine, caffeine looks like adenosine but doesnt activate the receptor, this adenosine receptor anatagonist therefore decreases the effect if CNS adenosine.

Question 33

What are symptoms of psychosis?

Answer 33

Hallucinations or delusions, disorganized speecxh, behavior disturbance, social withdrawal, flattened affect and anhedonia.

Question 34

What are the roles of dopamine in the brain?

Answer 34

Behavior and cognition, pain perception, making priorities, noticeablness; motivation and reward, associated with pleasure learning, food, sex and rewards; motor activity, low levels related to PD; inhibition of prolactic production; sleep, mood attention and learning.