Lecture 2 Definitions Flashcards
Active, voluntary, and collaborative involvement of the patient in the mutually acceptable, prescribed course of treatment or therapeutic plan.
Adherence
Any preventable adverse drug event involving inappropriate medication use by a patient or health care provider.
Medication Error
An informed decision by a patient no to adhere to or follow a therapeutic plan or suggestion.
Nonadherence
Guidelines for Nursing Care Planning
Assessment (subjective and objective data), nursing diagnosis, planning (goals and outcome criteria), implementation of plan (and patient teaching), and evaluation.
Ten Rights of Medication Administration
Right drug, Right dose, Right time, Right route, Right patient, Right reason, Right documentation, Right evaluation, Right patient education, Right to refuse.
Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions administered at the same time, is the action of one plus the action of the other, with the total effect of both drugs being given.
Additive effects
Any undesirable occurrence related to administering or failing to administer a prescribed medication.
Adverse drug event (ADE)
Any unexpected, unintender, undesired, or excessive response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages.
Adverse drug reaction (ADR)
Drugs that bind to and stimulate the activity of one or more receptors in the body.
Agonists
Drugs that bind to and inhibit the activity of one or more receptors in the body. Also called inhibitors.
Antagonists
Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of the same drug given alone; usually caused by an antagonizing effect of one drug on another.
Antagonistic effect
A measure of the fraction of drug administered dose that is delivered unchanged to the systemic circulation.
Bioavailability
One or more biochemical reactions involving a parent drug.
Biotransformation
The general name for a large class of enzymes that play a significant role in drug metabolism and drug interactions.
Cytochrome P450
The process by which solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the GI tract and become soluble before they are absorbed into the circulation.
Dissolution
Any chemical that affects the physiological processes of a living organism
Drug
The process involved in the interaction between a drug and body cells; also referred to as mechanisms of action.
Drug actions
The development of congenital anomalies or defects in the developing fetus that are caused by the toxic effects of drugs.
Drug-induced teratogenesis
The length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response.
Duration of action
Protein molecules that catalyze one or more of a variety of biochemical reactions, including those related tot eh body’s physiological processes as well as those related to drug metabolism.
Enzymes
The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before the drug reaches the systemic circulation through the blood stream.
First-pass effect.
An abnormal and unexpected response to medication, other than an allergic reaction, that is peculiar to an individual patient.
Idiosyncratic response
A chemical form of a drug that is the product of one or more biochemical (metabolic) reactions involving the parent drug. Active metabolites are those that have pharmacological activity of their own, even if the parent drug is inactive.
Metabolite
The chemical form of a drug that is administered before it is metabolized by the body’s biochemical reactions into its active or inactive metabolites.
Parent drug
The study of the biochemical and physiological interactions of drugs at their sites of activity; it examines the properties of drugs and their pharmacological interactions with body protein receptors.
Pharmacodynamics
The study of drugs that are obtained from natural plant and animal soruces.
Pharmacognosy
The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs.
Pharmacokinetics
An inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body
Prodrug
Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone.
Synergistic effects
The desired of intended effect of a particular medication
Therapeutic effect
The ration between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug.
Therapeutic index
The lowest concentration of a drug reached in the body after it falls from its peak level, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Trough level
