Lecture 2 Definitions

Question 1

Active, voluntary, and collaborative involvement of the patient in the mutually acceptable, prescribed course of treatment or therapeutic plan.

Answer 1

Adherence

Question 2

Any preventable adverse drug event involving inappropriate medication use by a patient or health care provider.

Answer 2

Medication Error

Question 3

An informed decision by a patient no to adhere to or follow a therapeutic plan or suggestion.

Answer 3

Nonadherence

Question 4

Guidelines for Nursing Care Planning

Answer 4

Assessment (subjective and objective data), nursing diagnosis, planning (goals and outcome criteria), implementation of plan (and patient teaching), and evaluation.

Question 5

Ten Rights of Medication Administration

Answer 5

Right drug, Right dose, Right time, Right route, Right patient, Right reason, Right documentation, Right evaluation, Right patient education, Right to refuse.

Question 6

Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions administered at the same time, is the action of one plus the action of the other, with the total effect of both drugs being given.

Answer 6

Additive effects

Question 7

Any undesirable occurrence related to administering or failing to administer a prescribed medication.

Answer 7

Adverse drug event (ADE)

Question 8

Any unexpected, unintender, undesired, or excessive response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages.

Answer 8

Adverse drug reaction (ADR)

Question 9

Drugs that bind to and stimulate the activity of one or more receptors in the body.

Answer 9

Agonists

Question 10

Drugs that bind to and inhibit the activity of one or more receptors in the body. Also called inhibitors.

Answer 10

Antagonists

Question 11

Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of the same drug given alone; usually caused by an antagonizing effect of one drug on another.

Answer 11

Antagonistic effect

Question 12

A measure of the fraction of drug administered dose that is delivered unchanged to the systemic circulation.

Answer 12

Bioavailability

Question 13

One or more biochemical reactions involving a parent drug.

Answer 13

Biotransformation

Question 14

The general name for a large class of enzymes that play a significant role in drug metabolism and drug interactions.

Answer 14

Cytochrome P450

Question 15

The process by which solid forms of drugs disintegrate in the GI tract and become soluble before they are absorbed into the circulation.

Answer 15

Dissolution

Question 16

Any chemical that affects the physiological processes of a living organism

Answer 16

Drug

Question 17

The process involved in the interaction between a drug and body cells; also referred to as mechanisms of action.

Answer 17

Drug actions

Question 18

The development of congenital anomalies or defects in the developing fetus that are caused by the toxic effects of drugs.

Answer 18

Drug-induced teratogenesis

Question 19

The length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a therapeutic response.

Answer 19

Duration of action

Question 20

Protein molecules that catalyze one or more of a variety of biochemical reactions, including those related tot eh body’s physiological processes as well as those related to drug metabolism.

Answer 20

Enzymes

Question 21

The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before the drug reaches the systemic circulation through the blood stream.

Answer 21

First-pass effect.

Question 22

An abnormal and unexpected response to medication, other than an allergic reaction, that is peculiar to an individual patient.

Answer 22

Idiosyncratic response

Question 23

A chemical form of a drug that is the product of one or more biochemical (metabolic) reactions involving the parent drug. Active metabolites are those that have pharmacological activity of their own, even if the parent drug is inactive.

Answer 23

Metabolite

Question 24

The chemical form of a drug that is administered before it is metabolized by the body’s biochemical reactions into its active or inactive metabolites.

Answer 24

Parent drug

Question 25

The study of the biochemical and physiological interactions of drugs at their sites of activity; it examines the properties of drugs and their pharmacological interactions with body protein receptors.

Answer 25

Pharmacodynamics

Question 26

The study of drugs that are obtained from natural plant and animal soruces.

Answer 26

Pharmacognosy

Question 27

The study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs.

Answer 27

Pharmacokinetics

Question 28

An inactive drug dosage form that is converted to an active metabolite by various biochemical reactions once it is inside the body

Answer 28

Prodrug

Question 29

Drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of two or more drugs with similar actions is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone.

Answer 29

Synergistic effects

Question 30

The desired of intended effect of a particular medication

Answer 30

Therapeutic effect

Question 31

The ration between the toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug.

Answer 31

Therapeutic index

Question 32

The lowest concentration of a drug reached in the body after it falls from its peak level, usually measured in a blood sample for therapeutic drug monitoring.

Answer 32

Trough level