nervous system: autonomic reflexes

Question 1

somatic reflexes

Answer 1

involves the stimulation of skeletal muscles by the somatic division of the nervous system

Question 2

what are some examples of somatic reflexes?

Answer 2

stretch, crossed extension withdrawl, superficial/cutaneous reflexes

Question 3

if the motor responce involves cardiac muscle, smooth muscle or glands, the relfx is an ___________ ________.

Answer 3

autonomic reflex

Question 4

autonomic nervous system (ANS) is part of the _______ ________ _______ and is under _________ ________.

Answer 4

peripheral nervous system, involuntary control

Question 5

what is the goal of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 5

maintain homeostasis

Question 6

the ANS can be subdivided into the?

Answer 6

parasympathetic (rest and digest) and sympathetic (fight or flight)

Question 7

the neural pathway of both parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions consist of what?

Answer 7

preganglionic neurons

Question 8

where do the preganglionic neurons originate from?

Answer 8

central nervous system

Question 9

where do the preganglionic neurons travel to and synapse with?

Answer 9

synapse with the postganglionic neurons located within the autonomic ganglion in the periphery. then they will travel to and innervate/supply specific effector organs. (sweat gland, cardiac muscle, stomach, smooth muscle, smooth muscle of artery)

Question 10

parasympathetic division

Answer 10

long preganglionic neurons, originating in the brainstem and exit the skull via foramina as 4 crainial nerves

Question 11

what are the 4 cranial nerves in parasympathetic division?

Answer 11

oculomotor (3), facial nerve (7), glossopharyngeal nerve (4), vagus nerve (5)

Question 12

oculomotor nerve (3)

Answer 12

consist of preganglionic neurons that synapse with postganglionic neurons located in the ciliary ganglion. The postganglionic neurons form this ganglion will supply the smooth muscle that constricts the pupil of the eye

Question 13

what is the smooth muscle in the oculomotor nerve that constricts the pupil of the eye called?

Answer 13

iris sphincter muscle

Question 14

facial nerve (7)

Answer 14

Consists of preganglionic neurons that synapse with postganglionic neurons located in the pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia. The postganglionic neurons from these ganglia will in turn supply the lacrimal gland and the submandibular and sublingual salivary
glands respectively.

Question 15

what gland produced tears associated with the facial nerve?

Answer 15

lacrimal gland

Question 16

what gland produces saliva and is associated with the facial nerve?

Answer 16

sublingual salivary glands

Question 17

glossopharyngeal nerve (4)

Answer 17

consists of preganglionic neurons that synapse with postganglionic neurons located in the otic ganglion. The postganglionic neurons from this ganglion will in turn innervate the parotid salivary gland (producing saliva).

Question 18

what gland produces saliva and is associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve?

Answer 18

parotid salivary gland

Question 19

vagus nerve (5)

Answer 19

consists of preganglionic neurons that synapse with postganglionic neurons located in ganglia, known as intramural ganglia, that are embedded within various viscera (= organs) located within the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The postganglionic neurons from these intramural ganglia, will in turn, innervate smooth/cardiac muscle.

Question 20

ciliary ganglion

Answer 20

oculomotor nerve (3)

Question 21

pterygoppalatine ganglion

Answer 21

facial nerve (7)

Question 22

submandibular ganglion

Answer 22

facial nerve (7)

Question 23

otic ganglion

Answer 23

glossopharyngeal nerve (4)

Question 24

cardiac and pulmonary plexuses

Answer 24

vagus nerve (5)

Question 25

In sympathetic division where do the short preganglionic neurons originate?

Answer 25

in the spinal cord between the first thoacic vertebrae (T1) and the second lumbar vertebrae (L2)

Question 26

process of sympathetic division

Answer 26

The preganglionic neurons
exit the spinal cord via the ventral roots and enter spinal nerves. Shortly thereafter,
the preganglionic neurons will temporarily leave the spinal nerve via white rami to
synapse with long postganglionic neurons located in the ganglia of the sympathetic
chain (that runs along each side of the vertebral column). The postganglionic
neurons return to the spinal nerves (via gray rami) and travel to and innervate
specific effectors (e.g., smooth/cardiac muscle and glands) throughout the body.