Nervous System and Gross Brain Flashcards
how many cranial nerves and spinal nerves are there
12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
what are the functions of sensory and motor branches of the somatic motor nervous system
motor = voluntary muscle movements in skeletal muscle
sensory = sensations from periphery (i.e. temp, somatic pain, proprioception, touch)
what is the function of the motor and sensory branches of the visceral nervous system
sensory = visceral pain (chemoreception, mechanoreception, and stretch reception)
motor = visceral motor effects (smooth muscle, cardiac muscles, and glands)
the sympathetic nerves for the visceral motor system are what
thoracolumbar (T1-L2)
the parasympathetic innervation for the visceral motor system is what
craniosacral (CN: 3,7,9,10)
describe what the somatic subunit refers to
somatic = body
receives info related to external environment
innervates skin and skeletal muscle
primarily controls voluntary movement
describe the visceral functional subunit
viscera = organ
innervates internal organs, smooth muscle, and glands
detects and responds to info from the internal environment of the body
primarily controls involuntary activity
maintains homeostasis
describe the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the heart, lungs, abdominal and pelvic viscera, head, and skin
heart = increased HR/force of contraction/velocity of conduction
lungs = bronchodilation
abdomen/pelvis = decreased gut mobility
head = dilate pupils, dilate blood vessels, decrease glandular secretion (except sweat)
skin = increase sweat secretion and contract erector pili muscles
describe the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart, lungs, abdominal and pelvic viscera, head, and skin
heart = decreased HR, force of contraction, and conduction velocity lungs = bronchoconstriction abdomen/pelvis = increased gut mobility head = constrict pupils, constrict blood vessels, and increase gland secretion (except sweat)
what is in the brainstem
midbrain, pons, and medulla
what are the lobes contained in the cerebrum
frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital
function of cerebellum
coordination of voluntary movement
what is the function of the brainstem
relay for ascending and descending tracts, contains cranial never nuclei, cardiorespiratory center
which lobe in the primary sensory cortex
parietal
function of occipital lobe
primary visceral cortex
function of frontal lobe
voluntary movement, personality, thought, judgement, insight, speech in dominant hemisphere, and primary motor cortex
functions of temporal lobe
memory, sensory integration, and hearing (auditory processing)
what is aphasia
acquired language disorders
what is Broca’s area responsible for
in frontal lobe
ability to think of right words as well as program/coordinate the right muscle contractions necessary to produce intelligible sounds and assemble words into meaningful sentences
what is Wernicke’s area responsible for
in temporal lobe
ability to comprehend language, including speech
describe Broca’s area aphasia
“broken speech”
expressive, intact comprehension, effortful speech
sparse, agrammatic, non-fluent
writing is also impaired
aware of deficit
often occurs after strokes affecting the middle cerebral artery
describe Wernicke’s aphasia
“word salad”
temporal lobe
receptive
impaired comprehension, usually aware of deficit
fluent but meaningless speech, sentences don’t make sense
what is global aphasia
large lesion in dominant hemisphere affecting Broca’s area, Wernicke’s area, and arcuate fasciculus
confluent aphasia
often occurs from infarction from occlusions of the internal carotid or middle cerebral artery
which structure coordinates voluntary movement, regulates equilibrium and muscle tone, and receives collateral sensory input
cerebellum
