Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Anatomy: DPT 701 > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are cranial nerves and what system are they a part of

A

bundle of sensory OR motor axons

part of peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why are cranial nerves named how they are? what are they covered in?

A

called cranial because they emerge through foramina or fissures in the cranium

they are covered by sheaths derived fringe the cranial membranes (meninges)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what cranial nerves do NOT originate from the brain stem

A

CN 1, CN II, and CN XI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cranial nerve names pneumonic

A

Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet Ahh Heaven

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is CN I

A

olfactory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is CN II

A

Optic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is CN III

A

oculomotor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is CN IV

A

trochlear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is CN V

A

trigeminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is CN VI

A

Abducens or Abducent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is CN VII

A

facial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is CN X

A

vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is CN XI

A

accessory or spinal accessory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is CN XII

A

hypoglossal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

pneumonic for sensory or motor fibers/functions of cranial nerves

A

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most

S = sensory

M= Motor

B = Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

function of CN I Olfactory

A

Sensory Only

function = special sensory: smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where do olfactory nerves arise from

A

receptors in the nasal cavity (mucosa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the location of the nerve cell bodies of the Olfactory Nerve

A

nerve cell bodies located in the olfactory epithelium (in nasal mucosa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is Anosmia

A

deficit of olfactory nerve (CN I)

loss of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the olfactory nerve travels how/through what structures

A

olfactory nerves

through foramina in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

to olfactory bulb

through olfactory track

to brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the function of CN II - optic

A

special sensory: vision

sensory only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

why is the optic nerve and vision so complex

A

some fibers cross over the optic chiasm, some do not

deficits are complicated; depend on where the trauma is located

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the location of the nerve cell bodies of the optic nerve

A

retinal ganglia

exception; doesn’t start in brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

where in the brain is the optic nerve located

A

superior to midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

where in the cranium does the optic nerve travel through

A

travels through optic canal in the MIDDLE cranial fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the retina becomes what

A

optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

damage or malfunction of what artery could lead to blindness

A

ophthalmic artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are extraocular muscles

A

eye muscles that attach to the sclera

sclera = white of eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the function of the superior rectus muscle

A

up and in eye movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is the function of the inferior oblique muscle of the eye

A

up and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the function of the medial rectus of the eye

A

adduction (to nose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is the function of the inferior rectus of the eye

A

moves eye down and in

35
Q

what is the function of the superior oblique muscle of the eye

A

down and out

36
Q

what is the function of the lateral rectus of the eye

A

abduction

away from nose

37
Q

what is the equation for the extraocular eye muscles and their corresponding cranial nerve

A

LR6 SO4 AO3

Lateral rectus = CN VI (abducens)

Superior oblique = CN IV (trochlear)

All other extraocular muscles = CN III (Oculomotor)

38
Q

what is the function of CN III (occulomotor)

A

Motor function only

innervates 4 extraocular muscles + levator palpebrae superioris

pupil constrictions via parasympathetic innervation of sphincter papillae muscle

lens accommodation for near vision aka focus via parasympathetic innervation of ciliary muscle

39
Q

what is the ciliary muscle

A

surrounds the lens of the eye

with distant vision it relaxes and flattens

with near vision it contracts and lens becomes more rounded when stimulated by the CN III parasympathetics

40
Q

what are the location of the nerve cell bodies of the oculomotor nerve (CN III) and where can you find it in the brain

A

bodies found in midbrain

found between midbrain and pons

41
Q

what is ptosis

A

superior eyelid drooping caused by paralysis of the elevator palpebrae superioris

42
Q

what is lateral strabismus

A

eye directed down and out

43
Q

what are the deficits of the oculomotor nerve

A

ptosis

lateral strabismus

absent papillary light reflex

dilated pupil

lack of lens accomodation

44
Q

oculomotor travels through what in the cranium

A

superior orbital fissure

45
Q

what is the function of CN IV (trochlear)

A

function = eye muscles superior oblique

*down and out function

46
Q

what is the only CN that exits the posterior surface of the brainstem

A

trochlear nerve IV

47
Q

what is the location of the nerve cell bodies of CN IV (trochlear) and how can you find in the in the brain

A

bodies are in posterior midbrain

found laterally between cerebrum and the pons

48
Q

what are 2 common deficits of the trochlear nerve

A

superior oblique muscle weakness or paralysis

diplopia (double vision) when looking down

49
Q

the trochlear nerve travels through what in the cranium

A

superior orbital fissure

50
Q

what is the function of the CN V (trigeminal)

A

sensory AND motor

sensation on forehead, maxilla, mandible

sensation of many parts of face and head (i.e. anterior 2/3 of tongue and part of external acoustic meatus)

motor innervation of mastication muscle + 4 other muscles

51
Q

what are the muscles of mastication

A

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid

52
Q

what is the only muscle of mastication that helps open the mouth

A

lateral pterygoid

53
Q

what are the branches of sensory function of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)

A

V1 = ophthalmia nerve (S) (top half of face, forehead, nose)

V2 = Maxillary nerve (S) (lower nose and midface)

V3= Mandibular Nerve (S&M) (Jaw and up through temporal bone)

54
Q

what is the location of the nerve cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve and where can you find it in the brain

A

nerve cell bodies in trigeminal ganglia and pons

found on the lateral part of the pons

55
Q

what are the common deficits of the trigeminal nerve

A

weakness/paralysis of mastication muscles

loss of facial sensation

loss of coral reflex (sensation)

56
Q

where in the cranium does the trigeminal nerve cross

A

V1 = superior orbital fissure

V2=rotundum

V3 = ovale

standing room only

57
Q

what is the function of cranial nerve VI (Abducens)

A

eye muscles: lateral rectus

abducts eye

58
Q

what is the location of the nerve cell bodies of the abducens nerve and how do you find it in the brain

A

cell bodies in pons

find it between the pons and the medulla

59
Q

deficits of the abducens nerve cause what

A

loose ability to move eye laterally

medial strabismus: medial muscle acting unopposed

60
Q

Where in the cranium does the abducens nerve travel

A

abducens pierces the dura covering the clivus then enters the orbit via the superior orbital fissure

61
Q

what are the functions of the CN VII Facial N (x5)

A

Motor and Sensory

  1. muscles of facial expression (+3 muscles)
  2. taste sensation to anterior 2/3 Tongue
  3. saliva production of sublingual and submandibular glands (para)
  4. tear production from lacrimal gland (para)
  5. mucous glands of nasal cavity, maxillary sinus, and palate (para)
62
Q

what is the location of the nerve cell bodies for the facial nerve and how can you find it in the brain

A

bodies located in pons (motor) and geniculate ganglion (sensory)

found lateral to CN 6 between pons and medulla

63
Q

what are the deficits associated with the CN VII (facial N)

A

loss of corneal reflex (can’t blink)

weakened/loss of facial movements

loss of taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and soft palate

64
Q

the facial nerve travels where on the cranium

A

through internal acoustic meatus

65
Q

what is the function of the CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)

A

sensory

special sensory: hearing and balance

66
Q

where are the nerve cell bodies of the vestibulocochlear nerve and how can you find it in the brain

A

bodies located in vestibular ganglion and spiral ganglion

found lateral to CN 7 at the junction of the pons and medulla

67
Q

what deficits are associated with the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

tinnitus = ringing or buzzing in ears
vertigo
impaired hearing

68
Q

where does the vestibulocochlear nerve travel through in the cranium

A

internal acoustic meatus

69
Q

what is the function of the CN IX glossopharyngeal

A

motor AND sensory

  1. swallowing (stylopharyngeus)
  2. taste/sensation for posterior 1/3 of tongue
  3. sensory from palatine tonsils, oropharynx, middle ear, pharyngotympanic tube, mastoid air cells, carotid body, and sinus
  4. saliva production of parotid gland
70
Q

where can you find the nerve cell bodies of the glossopharyngeal nerve and how can you find it in the brain

A

bodies in medulla (motor) and sensory ganglion (sensory)

found lateral to medulla

71
Q

what deficits are associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

A
  1. loss of taste and general sensation on posterior 1/3 of tongue
  2. changes in swallowing
  3. absent gag reflex on ipsilateral side
  4. palate deviation on contralateral side
72
Q

where does the glossopharyngeal nerve travel through in the cranium

A

jugular foramen

73
Q

functions of vagus nerve CN X

A

motor AND sensory

  1. swallowing
  2. speech
  3. sensory and morot to smooth muscles of thorax/abdomen
  4. provides branches to cardiac, esophageal, and pulmonary plexuses
  5. viscera of foregut
  6. sensory to larynx and laryngopharynx
  7. taste from epiglottis and pharynx
  8. motor to all muscles of the larynx
  9. motor to most muscles of soft palate and pharynx
74
Q

what is the location of the nerve cell bodies of the vagus nerve and how can you find it in the brain

A

motor bodies found in medulla and nucleus ambiguus in medulla

sensory found in superior and inferior ganglion

in brain arises as a group of rootlets from the lateral surface of the medulla

75
Q

what are some of the common deficits of the vagus nerve

A
  1. dysphagia = difficulty swallowing
  2. anesthesia of larynx
  3. weak voice/hoarseness
  4. dysphonia = difficulty speaking
  5. aphonia = loss of voice
  6. inspiratory stridor = harsh/high pithces respiratory sound
  7. heart rate abnormalities

so much more

76
Q

where does the vagus nerve travel in the cranium

A

crosses through jugular foramen

77
Q

function of CN XI accessory

A

motor

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

78
Q

where are the nerve cell bodies of the accessory nerve located and how can you find the nerve in the brain

A

cell bodies arise from a series of rootlets from the upper 5-6 segments of the cervical spinal cord

can be found ascending through the foramen magnum lateral to the medulla

79
Q

common deficits of the accessory nerve

A

atrophy of trapezius and weakened shrugging of shoulders

impaired rotary movements of the neck and chin to the opposite side due to SCM weakness

80
Q

where does the accessory nerve travel in the cranium

A

enters the foramen magnum

exits the jugular foramen

81
Q

nerve function of the hypoglossal nerve CN XII

A

major tongue muscles motor innervation

82
Q

where are the nerve cell bodies of the hypoglossal nerve and how can you find it in the brain

A

cell bodies arise as a series of rootlets from the anterior medulla

found in brain anterolateral to medulla

83
Q

deficits associated with the hypoglossal nerve

A

when protruded the apex of the tongue deviates toward damaged nerve (ipsilateral side)

84
Q

where in the cranium does the hypoglossal nerve travel

A

hypoglossal canal

Clinical Anatomy: DPT 701 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions