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Clinical Anatomy: DPT 701 > Facial Expression and Mastication > Flashcards

Facial Expression and Mastication Flashcards

1
Q

what are the boudndaries of the scalp

A

supraorbital margin superior nuchal line anterior to posterior

temporal fascia to zygomatic arch laterally

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2
Q

what are the layers of the scalp

A 
Skin 
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurosis (Galea aponeurotic): links frontal and occipitals muscles 
Loose connective tissue
Pericardium
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3
Q

what are the boundaries for the face

A

below supraorbital margin to the chin, ear to ear

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4
Q

facial expressions are controlled by what

A

face and scalp

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5
Q

where does the emissary vein drain to the cranial sinus and what is the significance of this

A

loose connective tissue of scalp

danger to possible infection spread

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6
Q

describe the location of the fibrocartilage disc of the temporomandibular joint

A

superior compartment: mandibular fossa is superior and disc is inferior = translational movement

inferior compartment: disc is superior and mandibular condyle inferior = rotational movement

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7
Q

what muscles assist in TMJ protrusion

A

lateral pterygoid assisted by medial pterygoid

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8
Q

what muscles assist in TMJ retraction

A

posterior fibers of temporalis, deep part of masseter, and geniohyoid and digastric

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9
Q

what muscles assist in TMJ elevation

A

temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid

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10
Q

what muscles assist in TMJ depression

A

gravity, digastric, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid muscles

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11
Q

what causes TMJ popping or clicking

A

hypermobile joint capsule, tight pterygoid or damaged disc

all can place disc anterior against the articular tubercle

mandibular condyle reducing to the disc will cause clicking

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12
Q

what are the boundaries of the temporal fossa

A

posterior and superior: temporal lines

anterior: frontal and zygomatic bones
lateral: zygomatic arch
inferiorly: infra temporal crest
floor: pterion
roof: temporalis fascia

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13
Q

what are the contents of the temporal fossa q

A

upper portion of temporalis

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14
Q

what are the boundaries of the infra temporal fossa

A

deep to zygomatic arch and ramus of mandible

posterior to maxilla

bordered by lateral pterygoid plate

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15
Q

what are the contents of the infatemporal fossa

A 
lower portion of temporalis miscles
lateral and medial pterygoid muscle 
maxillary artery 
pterygoid bvenous plexus 
mandibular, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal, and Chora tympani nerves 
otic ganglion
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16
Q

what are the boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa

A

roof: greater wing of sphenoid
medially: perpendicular plate of palatine
anteriorly: the posterior aspect of the maxilla
posteriorly: pterygoid process
floor: pyramidal process of palatine

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17
Q

contents of the pterygopalatine fossa

A

pterygopalatine ganglion

pterygopalatine part of maxillary artery

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18
Q

where can you find the facial nerve

A

junction of pons and medulla oblongata

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19
Q

where does the facial nerve cross

A

crosses internal meatus

branches of nerve hike the trigeminal nerves

terminal branch crosses stylomastoid foramen

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20
Q

somatic motor functions of the facial nerve

A

motor to stapedius = in middle ear

motor to 2 supra hyoid muscles = stylohyoid and digastric posterior belly

motor to facial expression muscles

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21
Q

visceral motor (parasympathetic) functions of facial nerve

A

pterygopalatine ganglion: lacrimal glands, nasal and palatine mucosa (greater petrosal nerve)

submandibular ganglion: submandibular and sublingual salivary glands (chorda tympani)

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22
Q

somatic sensation of the facial nerve

A

external ear

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23
Q

visceral sensation of the facial nerve

A

taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue = chemical sensation

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24
Q

what branch of the facial nerve is implicated in the internal acoustic meatus after the genticulate ganglion

A

greater petrosal nerve

i.e. loss of lacrimal/sinys mucosal glands visceral motor

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25
Q

what branch of the facial nerve is implicated before crossing the tympanic cavity

A

stapedial nerve

hyperacusis (normal sounds = unbearably loud)

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26
Q

what branch of the facial nerve is implicated after crossing the tympanic cavity

A

chorda tympani

chemical sensation

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27
Q

what branch of the facial nerve is implicated after leaving the stylomastoid foramen

A

digastric posterior belly
stylohyoid
terminal branch

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28
Q

What are the branches of the facial nerve that control facial expressions

A 
Temporal 
Zygomatic 
Buccal
Mandibular 
Cervical 
Posterior auricular

Two Zebras Bit My Cookies

** more of a network of nerves; not generally one individual branch isolated**

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29
Q

what are the three divisions of the trigiminal nerve

A

ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

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30
Q

what are the functions of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve

A 
opthalamic = purely somatosensory 
maxillary = purely somatosensory 
mandibular = mix of somatic motor and sensory
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31
Q

where do the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve cross

A

all are through the sphenoid bone

opthalamic = crossing superior orbital fissure
maxillary = crossing foramen of rotundum
mandibular = crossing foramen ovale
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32
Q

what are the terminal sensory branches of the opthalamic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves

A

opthalamic = terminal branch is supraorbital nerve

maxillary = terminal branch is the infraorbital nerve

mandibular = terminal sensory branch is mental nerve

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33
Q

what are the motor innervations of the mandibular nerve

A

muscles of mastication

suprahyoid muscles

tensor tympani

tensor veli palatini

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34
Q

what are the first fiber branches of the mandibular nerve

A

tensor tympani
tensor veli palatini
medial pterygoid
meningeal

35
Q

what are the anterior division branches of the mandibular nerve

A

temporal
masseter
lateral pterygoid
buccal

36
Q

what are the branches of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve

A

lingual (with chorda tympani)
inferior alveolar
mylohyoid
auriculotemporal

37
Q

what are the facial branches of the external carotid artery

A 
lingual artery 
facial artery 
ascending pharyngeal artery 
ascending palatine artery 
maxillary artery 
superficial temporal artery
38
Q

what are the branches of the maxillary artery

A 
middle meningeal artery 
inferior alveolar artery 
greater and lesser palatine artery 
sphenopalatine artery 
deep temporal artery
39
Q

what artery is commonly associated with arteritis

A

superficial temporal artery

40
Q

what artery is very torturous for facial expressions

A

facial artery

41
Q

what artery is wrapped by the auriculotemporal nerve

A

middle meningeal artery

42
Q

veins of the face drain how

A

drain into external and internal jugular veins

drain into cavernous sinus

43
Q

where do the emissary and diploid veins drain

A

drain into superior sagittal sinus directly

44
Q

which facial muscle is not subcutaneous

A

the buccinator muscle

45
Q

buccinator muscle connects what

A

orbicularis iris and superior pharyngeal constrictor

46
Q

function of buccinator

A

hold food in mouth

forcefully blow air put

47
Q

the buccinator muscle is pierced by what

A

parotid duct

48
Q

what is the tendinous junction of the buccinator called

A

pterygomandibular raphe

49
Q

buccinator is deep to what

A

masseter/pterygoids

parotid gland

50
Q

zygomaticus major function

A

smile expression

true and fake

51
Q

orbicularis occult function

A

close eyelids

wink tightly (orbital part)

blink reflex (palpebral part)

52
Q

what are the attachments of the medial pterygoid

A

1 head: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone (P)

2 head: tuberosity of maxilla (P)

Distal: medial mandibular ramus and angle

53
Q

innervation and blood supply of the medial pterygoid

A

CN V medial pterygoid nerve

maxillary arter pterygoid branch

54
Q

functions of the medial pterygoid

A

elevate and protract mandible

55
Q

attachments of the lateral pterygoid

A

1 head: infra temporal surface and crest if greater wing of sphenoid (p)

2 head: lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

distal: superior head attaches to joint capsule and articular disc, inferior head attaches to pterygoid fossa on mandibular condyle

56
Q

innervation and blood supply of lateral pterygoid

A

CN V lateral pterygoid nerve

maxillary artery pterygoid branch

57
Q

function of the lateral pterygoid

A

initiate mandibular motion

protract mandible

58
Q

temporalis attachments

A

p: temporal fossa and temporal fascia
d: coronoid process and anterior mandibular ramus

59
Q

innervation and blood supply of temporalis

A

CN V deep temporal branch

anterior and posterior deep temporal artery

60
Q

function of the temporalis muscle

A

elevate and retract mandible

61
Q

what are the attachments for the masseter

A

two heads - zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch proximally

distally, lateral mandibular ramus and angle

62
Q

innervation and blood supply of the masseter

A

CN V masseteric nerve

masseteric artery

63
Q

function of the masseter muscle

A

elevate and protract the mandible

64
Q

describe the divisions of the chemical sensation of the tongue

A

body= anterior 2/3 of tongue taste input, facial nerve CN VII

root = posterior 1/3 tongue taste, glossopharyngeal CN IX

epiglottis = CN X

65
Q

describe the superior and inferior surface of the tongue

A

superior = covered by mucosa with papillae embedded in the body

inferior = smooth mucous membrane

66
Q

function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

mobilize the tongue

67
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and their corresponding functions

A

palatoglossus = up and down

styloglossus = back and forth

hyoglossus = back and flat

genioglossus = pull tongue forward

68
Q

what is the function of intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

change shapes

curve/narrow

69
Q

what are the intrinsic tongue muscles

A

superior longitudinal
vertical
transversus
inferior longitudinal

70
Q

what is the innervation of the tongue muscles

A

palatoglossus = CN X

all other muscles = CN XII

71
Q

where is the hypoglossal nerve located in the brain

A

between the medullary pyramid and the inferior olive

72
Q

the hypoglossal nerve acts as a shuttle for C1 to what muscles

A

geniohyoid, thyrohyoid, and superior root of ansa cervicalis

73
Q

tongue muscles antagonize each other. If the Left side is weak, which way will the tongue muscle deviate

A

left

towards the affected side

74
Q

where is the parotid gland? where does its gland pierce?

A

mandibular angle where CN VII branches through

its duct pierces the buccinator muscle

75
Q

what is the parasympathetic motor innervation to the parotid gland

A

otic ganglion

CNIX, lesser petrosal nerve, foramen ovale, or spinosum

76
Q

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands

A

submandibular ganglion (CN VII, chorda tympani)

77
Q

which muscles can be regulated differently than other facial expression muscles

A

frontalis and occipitals

78
Q

what happens of there is an upper motor injury to the CN VII

A

damage is above the lower motor nuclei in one hemisphere

contralateral facial paralysis

scalp is paired

79
Q

what happens if there is a lower motor injury

A

damage is in and below the lower motor nuclei

ipsilateral scalp and facial paralysis

80
Q

where is the lower motor nuclei of the CN VII located

A

in junction o pontine/medulla tegmentum

dorsal = scalp 
ventral = face
81
Q

describe the primary motor cortex neurons

A

synapse with contralateral Dorsal and ventral nuclei

synapse with ipsilateral dorsal nuclei

82
Q

describe signs after a stroke (UMN) and Bell’s palsy (LMN)

A

UMN = can elevate eyebrows

LMN = can’t elevate eyebrow

both = facial drop; difficult to close eyes and mouth
-drool/tears on affected side

83
Q

what is crocodile tears syndrome

A

“crying” during eating with visceral motor spared

84
Q

can CN VII LMN/UMN injury patients smile?

A

all LMN patients = no

UMN injury with limbic lobe spared = yes when hear humor, no when asked to smile

Clinical Anatomy: DPT 701 (7 decks)

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