Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Anatomy: DPT 701 > Anterior Neck and Visceral Organs > Flashcards

Anterior Neck and Visceral Organs Flashcards

1
Q

what are the superior and inferior boundaries of the neck

A

superior = inferior border of mandible

inferior = transverse plane from manubrium to C7 spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the weakest part in the body

A

inferior border of neck: transverse plane from manubrium to C7 spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

describe the thyroid cartilage

A

half ring

laryngeal prominence = Adam’s apple

lamina = 90-120 degrees

superior/inferior notch
superior/inferior horn
oblique line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe the cricoid cartilage

A

full ring

facets to articulate with other cartilages (superior = arytenoid and inferior = inferior thorn of thyroid cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where is the tracheostomy entry point

A

cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the epiglottis and what happens with depression and elevation

A

leaf like elastic cartilage (NOT hyaline like the others)

depression = swallowing reflex
elevation = breath/voice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe the assembly/articulations of the larynx

A

inferior articular facets of thyroid articulates with cricoid cartilage

cricoid cartilage articulates with the arytenoids

arytenoids articulate with corniculates and cuneiforms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is hyaline cartilage

A

articular cartilage
thins with osteoarthritis
cushions and minimizes friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is fibrocartilage

A

provides shock absorption
improves joint stability

i.e the labrum of the GH and FA or the menisci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the borders for the anterior neck triangle

A

superior = mandibular inferior edge

anterior = midline of neck (mandibular symphysis to jugular notch)

posterior = anterior border of SCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the subdivisions of the anterior neck triangle

A

submandibular triangle
submental triangle
carotid triangle (palpation of carotid pulse)
muscular triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the borders of the posterior neck triangle

A 
anterior = posterior border SCM
inferior = clavicle 
posterior = anterior border of trapezius
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the layers of fascia in the neck (1 superficial + 4 deep)

A

superficial = platysma

Deep:

  • investing fascia: whole neck; divides lamina wrapping around superficial neck muscles
  • visceral fascia: neck visceral organs
  • carotid sheath: neuromuscular structure
  • prevertebral fascia: deep neck muscles; lamina divides before vertebral body-alar fascia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what important structures are in the investing fascia level

A

infrahyoid
suprahyoid
SCM/traps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of the fascia

A

protects structures and contains infection

allows free motion of the neck during swallowing and turning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the “danger zone” and why is it called that

A

retropharyngeal space

potential space. possible spread of infection to lungs and heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

where does the supraclavicular nerve exit

A

exiting proximal 1/3 of the posterior SCM (nerve point)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the superior and inferior roots of ansa cervicalis

A

superior root = C1 (through hypoglossal N)

inferior root = C2-C3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the braches of the thyrocervical arteries

A

supra scapular artery
inferior thyroid artery
ascending cervical artery
transverse cervical artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the branches of the transverse cervical artery

A

superficial transverse cervical artery

dorsal scapular artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the costocervical trunk supplies which arteries

A

costocervical trunk and thyrocervical trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where does the lymph drainage of the neck go

A

25% drains back to R subclavian vein/internal jugular vein angle

75% drains to L subclavian vein/internal jugular vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

attachments for platysma

A

p: inferior mandible border skin and subcutaneous tissue of the face
d: pectoralis major and deltoid fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

innervation and artery of platysma

A

cervical branch of facial N CN VII

facial artery and submittal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

functions of platysma

A

depress mandible and lower face skin

elevate neck when mouth is closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

stermocleidomastoid attachments

A

p: manubrium and proximal clavicle
d: mastoid process and superior nuchal line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

nerve and artery of sternocleidomastoid

A

spinal accessors N CN XI

occipital and superior thyroid arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

functions of sternocleidomastoid

A

ipsilateral SB/contralateral rotation (R/L)

FLX (B)

ELV thorax and shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

unilateral impairment of the sternocleidomastoid leads to what

A

torticollis

twist/rotate of neck at weird angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

stylohyoid attachments

A

p: styloid process
d: hyoid body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

innervation and blood supply of stylohyoid

A

facial nerve CN VII

superior thyroid artery and lingual artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

functions of the stylohyoid

A

hyoid elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

digastric muscle attachments

A

p: posterior belly = mastoid notch, anterior belly = inferior border of mandible close to the symphysis
d: common tendon on hyoid body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

blood supply and innervation of the digastric muscle

A

posterior belly:

  • facial nerve CN VII
  • occipital artery

anterior belly

  • mylohyoid branch of trigeminal nerve CN V
  • facial artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

function of digastric muscle

A

hyoid elevation

retraction of mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

mylohyoid attachements

A

P: mylohyoid line of mandible

d: hyoid body and median raphe of bilateral mylohyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

nerve and blood supply of the mylohyoid

A

mylohyoid branch of trigeminal N CN V3

inferior alveolar artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

function of mylohyoid

A

hyoid and floor of mouth elevation

mandible depression and retraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

gemiohyoid attachments

A

p: mandibular inferior mental spine
d: anterior hyoid body

40
Q

innervation of geniohyoid

A

C1 hiking through hypoglossal nerve

41
Q

function of geniohyoid

A

hyoid and floor of mouth elevation

depression and retraction of mandible

42
Q

sternohyoid attachments

A

p: posterior manubrium, clavicle, and sternoclavicular ligament
d: inferior border of hyoid

43
Q

innervation and blood supply of the sternohyodi

A

ansa cervicali

superior thyroid artery

44
Q

sternohyoid function

A

hyoid and larynx depression

45
Q

sternothyroid muscle attachments

A

p: posterior surface of manubrium
d: oblique line of thyroid cartilage

46
Q

innervation and blood supply of the sternothyroid

A

amsa cervicalis

superior thyroid artery

47
Q

function o the sternothyroid

A

depression of the thyroid cartilage and larynx

48
Q

omohyoid attachments

A

p: lower border of hyoid

dL suprascapular notch

49
Q

innervation and blood supply of the omohyoid

A

ansa cervicali

lingual artery, superior cervical artery, infra hyoid artery

50
Q

function of the omohyoid

A

hyoid depression

51
Q

thyrohyoid attachments

A

p: oblique line of thyroid cartilage
d: lower body and greater horn of hyoid

52
Q

innervation and blood supply of thyrohyoid

A

C1 hiking through hypoglossal nerve

superior thyroid artery

53
Q

function of thyrohyoid

A

depression of hyoid

elevation of thyroid cartilage and larynx

54
Q

anterior scalene attachments

A

p: anterior tubercle of transverse process C3-C6

D: scalene tubercle of first rib

55
Q

innervation and blood supply of anterior scalene

A

ventral tami of C4-C6

ascending cervical artery

56
Q

functions of anterior scalene

A

neck ipsilateral SB

contralateral RT

FLX (B)

1st rib elevation

57
Q

middle scalene attachments

A

p: posterior tubercle of transverse oricesh of C2-C7
d: upper surface of rib 1

58
Q

blood supply and innervation of middle scalene

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves C2-C8

ascending cervical artery

59
Q

functions of the middle scalene

A

neck ipsilateral SB

1st rib elevation

60
Q

posterior scalene attachments

A

p: posterior tubercle of transverse process C5-C7
d: 2nd rib, occasionally with middle scalene

61
Q

innervation and blood supply of posterior scalene

A

ventral rami of C6-C8

ascending cervical artery

62
Q

functions of the posterior scalene

A

neck ipsilateral SB

2nd (and 1st if merging with middle scalene) rib elevation

63
Q

what is thoracic outlet syndrome

A

brachial plexus roots/trunks and subclavian artery get impinged by anterior and middle scalenes

brachial plexus divisions/cords and subclavian artery/axillary artery get impinged by clavicle and 1st rib

supra scapular artery and subclavian vein generally get spared

64
Q

what are the deep prevertebral flexors

A

longus capitis

longus colli

rectus capitis anterior

rectus capitis lateralis

65
Q

what is the innervation of the deep prevertebral flexors

A

ventral rami of cervical nerves

66
Q

forward head posture results in what

A

overstretch and weakness of the deep vertebral flexors

core of the neck

67
Q

boundaries of the carotid sheath

A

base of skull to 1st rib/sternum

68
Q

contents of the carotid sheath

A

varies between levels

69
Q

where does the ansa cervicalis lie

A

in the anterior carotid sheath

important to watch out for during neck dissection

70
Q

what is the thyroid gland

A

endocrine organ: thyroid hormones regulate metabolism

L and R lobes, occasional pyramid lobe

medial to carotid sheath

71
Q

what is the parathyroid gland

A

2 embedded in each thyroid gland lobe

regulate calcium in the blood (absorb, reserve in urine, and bone degradation)

72
Q

what is correlated with frozen shoulder

A

thyroid issues

73
Q

what is the arterial supply to the thyroid/parathyroid glands

A

inferior thyroid artery (from thyrocervical trunk)

superior thyroid gland (1st branch from the external carotid artery)

occasionally ima (possible branch from the common carotid artery

74
Q

what is the venous drainage of the thyroid/parathyroid glands

A

superior and middle thyroid veins drain to internal jugular vein

inferior thyroid vein drains to the left brachiocephalic vein

75
Q

what is the visceral innervation of the thyroid/parathyroid

A

sensory = superior laryngeal nerve; myelinated

motor = unmyelinated

  • sympathetic: middle cervical ganglia
  • parasympathetic: superior laryngeal nerve
76
Q

nerve supply to larynx

A

all CN X

77
Q

components of larynx

A 
epiglottis 
thyroid
arytenoid x2
cricoid 
corniculate 
cuneiform
78
Q

function of larynx

A

respiration

speech

79
Q

innervation of trachea

A

smooth muscles; visceral motor by CN X (parasympathetic), no voluntary control

80
Q

describe the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

A 
skeletal muscles 
somatic motor 
voluntary control 
covered by mucosa to create the vocal folds
attached to arytenoids
81
Q

what are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx innervated by

A

all by recurrent laryngeal nerve of CN X

82
Q

describe the movements of the intrinsic larynx muscles

A

open and close very quickly to allow lengthening and change in tension of the vocal folds to produce voice

fold epiglottis to close larynx when swallowing and performing valsalva maneuver

83
Q

what arteries supply the larynx

A

inferior thyroid (from thyrocervical trunk)

superior thyroid (from 1st branch of external carotid artery)

84
Q

what veins drain the larynx

A

superior laryngeal and inferior laryngeal (drain to superior and inferior thyroid veins respectively)

85
Q

innervation of the larynx

A

all CN X

visceral sensory and motor

86
Q

boundaries of the pharynx

A

skull base to inferior border of cricoid surrounding the larynx

posterior wall is against the prevertebral fascia

87
Q

what is the dangerous zone

A

retropharyngeal space

posterior wall of pharynx against the prevertebral fascia

possible spread of infection to mediastinum

88
Q

what are the different regions of the pharynx and their function

A

nasopharynx = respiration

oropharynx = digestive

laryngopharynx = respiration and digestion

89
Q

what are the external layers of the pharyngeal muscles and their attachments

A

external = constrictors

superior attaches to pterygomandibular raphe and lingula of mandible

middle attaches to lesser horn of hyoid

inferior attaches to thyroid and cricoid cartilage

all merge together posteriorly

90
Q

functions of external layer of pharynx

A

constrict/narrow wall of pharynx with swallowing

91
Q

innervation of external pharyngeal muscles

A

all by CN X

92
Q

what are the internal pharyngeal muscles, their corresponding innervations, and how do they merge

A

palatopharyngeus (CN X)
salpingopharyngeus (CN X)
stylopharyngeus (CN IX)

distally they all merge into external layer of constrictors

93
Q

functions of the internal pharynx muscles

A

elevate the pharynx and larynx during swallowing

94
Q

what is the innervation of the pharynx

A

somatic motor: all CN X except 1 (CN IX)

visceral motor (mucosal glands): CN IX

visceral sensory (mucosal surface): mainly CN IX

AFFERENT = CN IX 
EFFERENT = CN X
95
Q

borders of the thyroid cartilage

A

superior = ~C3 and C4 level

inferior = ~C5 and C6 level

Clinical Anatomy: DPT 701 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions