Nervous System Flashcards
the main organ systems that are responsible for the body’s communication network
endocrine and nervous system
Cnidarians, echinoderms, and coelenterates
lack a true nervous system but have a system of separate but connected nerve cells called ________
nerve net
have bilateral symmetry defined head and a tail region that are equipped with central nervous system, two nerve cords and peripheral nervous system
flat worms
neurons that cluster together forming a small brain found in flat worms
ganglia
have no brain in general
mollusks
concentrated nerve knots in mollusks
ganglia spread
developed a more organized central, peripheral and sympathetic nervous system
earthworms
have more complex nervous system with centralized and specialized structures
vertebrates
the physical connected networks that make up the nervous system
nerve cells
made up of specialized neurons that can transmit and receive electrical signals and gilia cells that provide support and function to other neurons
nervous system
contains the nucleus switch controls all cell activities. It is like a switch board.
cell body (soma)
branch of thread-like structure which receives messages from neighboring cells
dendrites
single, long, tail-like fiber that carries messages away from cell body
axon
covers axon which speeds up the travel of nerve impulse
myelin sheath
feather-like fibers at the far end of axon. It pass on impulse to the dendrites to other neuron
axon terminals
are scattered into voluminous number, they perform multiple functions such as providing support for the brain, repairing, maintenance, insulating neurons, assisting in development of the nervous system and provide metabolic functions for the neurons
neuro glia
detect stimuli and transmit signals to the brain
sensory neuron
receives signals from sensory neurons and passes them within the brain and spinal cord it will processed
interneurons neuron
relays processed message to tissues in the body, such as muscles for action
motor neurons
uses energy to actively transport sodium ions out of the cell and take potassium ions into the cell, thereby maintaining the resting potential of the neurons
sodium-potassium pump
if sodium ions are outside of the cells and if potassium ions are inside the cell
resting potential
(hearing an alarm), if sodium ions rush into the cells and if potassium rush outside the cell
action potential
a gap or space between neurons and effectors
synapse
command center for the entire body. It processes information and sends instructions the parts of the body
central nervous system
a covering that protect the brain
meninges
largest region of the brain. It is primarily involved in processing and interpreting stimulus
cerebrum
located beneath the cerebrum and divided into hypothalamus and thalamus
diencephalon
second largest part of the brain. It is for coordination of muscle and balance
cerebellum
connects brain with spinal cord. It coordinates many survival functions of the body such as breathing, heart rate, sleep and wakefulness.
brainstem
responsible for emotions
limbic system
provide link between brain and the rest of the body. Involved in fast motor reflex such as quick unconscious movements
spinal cord
consists of collection of nerves connecting CNS to all organs of the body. It is like electrical wirings. Make use of sensory neurons detect stimuli inside and outside the body.
peripheral nervous system
responsible for bodily functions that work or happen involuntarily automatically without you thinking about them.
autonomic nervous system
active under normal conditions like when you continue to breath while sleeping
parasympathetic division
active under physical or emotional stress, emergency situations or whenever your body requires some actions
sympathetic division
stimulate skeletal muscles under conscious control of body movements
somatic nervous system
