Endocrine System Flashcards
produce regulatory chemicals through
the hormones that control many bodily activities.
endocrine
functions both as a neurotransmitter and hormone. It is released as a neurotransmitter in nerve endings and by the adrenal gland as a hormone during stressful conditions.
Norepinephrine
as the molecules work without being transported into the blood but similar in the
way hormones work by regulating target cells.
paracrine
ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the
blood stream or fluid around the cells (extracellular fluid).
endocrine glands
classified either as peptide, proteins,
glycoproteins or steroid.
hormones
lipid in nature, can easily pass through the cell membrane.
steroid hormones
cannot diffuse into the plasma membrane of the target cell, but must first bind to a receptor
protein in the plasma membrane as an initial messenger.
peptide hormones
regulation if high level of hormone stimulate the output of more even more hormone
positive feedback
milk production
prolactin
milk ejection
oxytocin
process of growth in a certain direction in
response to stimulus
tropism
plant response to light is mediated by photoreceptors that is composed of protein bound to a light absorbing
pigment called _______
chromophore
The bending of
plants toward a light
phototropism
The negative response of plant to light
skototropism
a kind of tropism that is in response to the tracking of the sun’s direction.
Heliotropism
Plant of blue-light absorbing photoreceptors, responsible to circadian rhythm of plants.
cryptochromes
the stimulus plant use to detect the time
of the year for their flowering, seed germination and the beginning and ending of their dormancy
activities.
Photoperiodism
Plant respond to gravity,plant root tips grow downward (positive
response), whereas plant shoots grow upward (negative response)
Gravitropism or geothropism
Plant response to touch or any contact
thigmotropism
plant hormones that control thigmotropism
ethylene and jasmonate
Slight movements in response to stimulus
nastic movement
observed as slow developmental change that can occur in the plant due to continuous mechanical stress, such as when trees bend in the wind.
thermomorphogenesis
plant hormone for plant horizontal growth
auxin
plant hormone for plant vertical growth and for seed germination / fruit production
gibberellins
plant hormone that promotes cell division, delaying leave senescence and plant maturation
Cytokinins
plant hormone for fruit ripening, and dropping of plant leaves
ethylene
plant hormone that induces plant dormancy
Abscisic acid
plant hormone that protect plant from fungal and bacterial infections
oligosaccharins
plant hormones that protect plant from herbivores
jasmonates
