Digestive System

Question 1

refers to all chemical reactions that take place inside an organism’s body.

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

The intake of food from various sources and process that convert food substances into living mater

Answer 2

nutrition

Question 3

animals that consume organic molecules from other organisms.

Answer 3

Heterotrophs

Question 4

Dietary Categories:

Answer 4

a. Herbivores: exclusive to eating plants
b. Carnivores: exclusive to eating flesh
c. Omnivores: Eat both plants and animal
d. Detritivores: Eat decaying dead bodies of plants and animals

Question 5

Types of Digestive System in Animals

Answer 5

Single-celled organisms

Multi-cellular organisms

Question 6

process their food right inside their cells. The digestion process is known
as intracellular digestion, which happen inside the cells through vacuoles. Eg. Amoeba and
paramecium.

Answer 6

Single-celled organisms-

Question 7

Engulfing of food

Answer 7

phagocytosis

Question 8

process nutrients by absorbing it into the bloodstream after they have
been broken down within digestive cavity while wastes are excreted out. This process is known as
extracellular digestion.

Answer 8

Multi-cellular organisms-

Question 9

contains one-way tubes with different openings for mouth and anus.

Answer 9

complex alimentary

canal

Question 10

assist in the digestive process.

Answer 10

glands

Question 11

Feeding Mechanisms in Animals

Answer 11

a. Suspension Feeding
b. Filter Feeding
c. Substrate Feeding.
d. Fluid Feeding
e. Bulk feeding

Question 12

Marine invertebrates live in abundance of floating microscopic food particles
such as plankton. Most of these organism use their body parts to move water toward a feeding
structure to sift the food suspended in water. Eg. Star fish

Answer 12

Suspension feeding

Question 13

extract food particle and sieving it to filtering structure. Eg. Humpback whale and
clams

Answer 13

Filter Feeding

Question 14

eating way through the soil while digesting and excreting food as they crawl.
Eg. Earthworm.

Answer 14

Substrate feeding

Question 15

ingest food by sucking nutrient-rich fluid from living host that either plant or animal.
Eg. Humming bird, bees, mosquito, and bats

Answer 15

Fluid feeding

Question 16

ingest large pieces of food into their mouth.

Answer 16

bulk feeding

Question 17

“cell eating” is a process wherein cells take in large particles or solid through the
enfolding of the cell membrane to form endocytic vesicle.

Answer 17

phagocytosis

Question 18

“cell drinking” is a process wherein a cell takes fluids by the invagination of the cell
membrane that forms a vesicle or vacuole.

Answer 18

pinocytosis

Question 19

for the specific molecules to enter the cells it must first bind to a specific receptors on the plasma membrane.

Answer 19

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

Question 20

an act of eating or taking in food via the mouth cavity.

Answer 20

Ingestion

Question 21

involves mechanical and chemical breakdown of large food molecules into soluble or
diffusible molecules that can be absorbed by cells.

Answer 21

digestion

Question 22

the act of chewing, tearing or mastication of food through the teeth.

Answer 22

Mechanical Digestion

Question 23

the use of enzymes whereby water is added in hydrolysis to break the
chemical bonds in food.

Answer 23

Chemical Digestion

Question 24

too large to enter the plasma membrane of the cell so the animal must breakdown these

Answer 24

Macromolecules

Question 25

where the small molecules, now in the form of building blocks, will be absorbed in the
lining of digestive tract. Animals that eat more than its needs, most of nutrients are converted to fat
for storage.

Answer 25

absorption

Question 26

whereby undigested food is removed from the digestive tract. (known as defecation or egestion)

Answer 26

elimination

Question 27

mucin in saliva helps soften the food while the teeth play an important role in
mechanical digestion by masticating food into smaller pieces. Salivary amylase, also begins
chemical digestion of food to form bolus.

Answer 27

Mouth or Oral cavity-

Question 28

large tube connecting mouth and stomach. known as peristalsis.

Answer 28

esophagus

Question 29

Muscle layers surrounding the esophagus

cause rhythmic, wavelike contraction.s 5-6 seconds.

Answer 29

peristalsis

Question 30

j-shaped and covered with muscular layers. Contains gastric juices (HCl and pepsin) pH
1.5-2.5.

Answer 30

stomach

Question 31

an opening where bolus will enter the stomach, regulate the

passage of food into and out of the stomach. 2-6 hours.

Answer 31

sphicter

Question 32

a food mixture with gastric juice.

Answer 32

chyme

Question 33

bile from the liver is added with chyme for further breakdown of fat molecules. It is
made up numerous microvilli to absorb nutrients from the food. It is where absorption of building
blocks take place.

Answer 33

small intestine

Question 34

the process of transport use of absorbed nutrients

Answer 34

assimilation

Question 35

absorption of water and mineral salts from undigested food materials. Certain
vitamins, such as vitamin K and two B vitamins are produce, which are needed by our body. 18-24 hours

Answer 35

large intestines

Question 36

Nutrients that are not digested and absorbed form a solid waste

Answer 36

feces

Question 37

it is the temporary storage of feces, when it contracts, the feces is expelled through an opening called as anus.

Answer 37

rectum

Question 38

the plants and other photosynthetic organisms that can produce their own food by converting inorganic
components into organic molecules

Answer 38

autotrophs or self-feeders.

Question 39

Major component of organic molecules

Answer 39

carbon
oxygen
hydrogen

Question 40

Component of amino acids, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, chlorophyll,
coenzymes, enzymes

Answer 40

nitrogen

Question 41

Protein synthesis, operation of stomata

Answer 41

potassium

Question 42

Component of cell walls, maintenance of membrane structure and permeability,
activates some enzymes

Answer 42

Calcium

Question 43

Component of ADP and ATP, nucleic acids, phospholipids, several coenzymes

Answer 43

phosphorus