Nervous system Flashcards
how many spinal nerves are there?
31
what are the 2 parts of the nervous system?
Central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
what are the components of the CNS?
Spinal cord
brain
what is the purpose of the peripheral nervous system?
to connect the CNS to the organs/limbs/skin
name the 2 parts of the peripheral system?
Somatic nervous
autonomic nervous systems
how many cranial nerves are there?
12
name 5 things the are considered to be controlled by autonomic nerves
organs/smooth mucle/ glands
visceral afferent
sympathetic nerves
parasympathetic nerves
Lable the picture with:
dendrites
nerve cell body
myelin sheath
ganglion
axon
what is special about a named nerve?
it contains multiple nerve fibres
a single nerve fiber can…
only conduct 1 of the action potentials regarding the different functions
what is special about a mixed nerve
it can carry multiple fibres to any region of the body… therefore detecting many different signals.
name the 6 different nerve functions
- Somatic sensory functions- tells CNS about pain in the body wall.
- Somatic motor function- skeletal muscle contraction
- Special sensory function- tells brain about sensation
- Visceral afferent function- tells CNS about pain from organ
- Sympathetic function- cardiac/smooth muscle contraction or gland secretion
- Parasympathetic function- cardiac/smooth muscle contraction or gland secretion
Lable the diagram
dendrites
nerve cell body
axon
label the diagram
parietal
temporal
occipital
frontal
name the 2 components that form the brain
gyrus and sulcus
cerebral neocortex (cortex) divided into for lobes
name the 4 lobes that the cerebral neocortex is divided into
frontal lobe
temporal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
what separates the cerebrum
fissure
label the diagram:
cerebellum
brain stem
spinal cord
what are the functions of the following:
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
- temporal lobe
- occipital lobe
- cerebellum
- motor/ impulse control/ judgment
- visual memory/ processing sensory input
- proprioception/ sensory information intergration
- visual processing
- fine motor control- balance etc
where is grey and white matter positioned
what does grey matter and white matter contain
grey on the outside
white is deep into the brain
grey contains cell bodies
white contains myelinated axons
what is different about the spinal cord compared to the brain
the spinal cord the white matter is superficial and grey matter is deep
name the 12 cranial nerves
- olfactory
- optical
- oculomotor
- trochlear
- trigeminal
- abducent
- facial
- vestibulcocochlear
- glossopharyngeal
- vagus
- spinal accessory
- hypoglossal
what number system is used to the cranial nerves
roman numerals
label the diagram
what nerves are special sensory?
CN I
CN II
CN VIII
what nerves are the somatic motor NERVES ?
CN IV
CN VI
CN XI
CN XII
what nerves are mixed functional
CN III - MOTOR/ PARASYM
CN V- V1/2 SENSORY V3 SENSORY / MOTOR
CN VII- SPECIAL SENSORY, MOTOR/ PARASYM
CN IX- SPEICAL SEN/SENSORY/ MOTOR/ PARASYM
CN X- SENSORY/ MOTOR/ PARASYM
name the 3 fossa in the base of the skull
anterior/ middle/ posterior
label the diagram with the following and what nerves
- cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
- superior orbital fissure
- foramen ovale
- foramen rotundum
- optical canal
- internal acoustic meatus
- jugular foramen
- hypoglossal canal
which foramen does the spinal cord pass through?
magnum foramen
where are the enlargements of the spinal cord
cervical
lumbosacral
where does the spinal cord end
inferiorly L1/L2
conus medullaris
spinal cord spreads out like
cauda equina
label the diagram:
white/ grey matter/ right anterior roots/ rootlets
right posterior roots/rootlets
posterior rami
anterior rami
spinal nerve
t4 and t10 dermatome supply what
male nipple and umbilicus
what part of the body are there no rami
limb dermatomes
the function of the nervous system
respond to environment
the nervous system is divided into
the somatic nervous system (external environment)
the autonomic nervous system (internal environment)
what do the somatic neurones supply
soma= body wall
where are the somatic neuron axons found
spinal nerve branches
somatic sensory nerve fibres come from
skin/ parietal pleura/ skeletal muscle/ bones/ joints
somatic nerve fibres come from
skeletal muscle +diaphragm
label the diagram
name 2 nerves that run all through the spinal nerves to brain to the body wall
somatic sensory and somatic motor nerve fibres (axons)
Autonomic nervous system keeps track of
parasympathetic (rest/digest)
and
sympathetic (fight/ flight)
the sympathetic part of the nervous system supplies
heart/ arterioles/ skin/ lungs/ gut/ pupils/ liver
describe sympathetic signal
start from autonomic centres int he brain
down the spinal cord
exits spinal cord at T1-L2- thoracolumbar outflow
travel to sympathetic chains
passes into spinal nerves anterior/ posterior
pass into the splanchnic nerve to supply organs
sympathetic outflow
T1- L2 segments of the spinal cord have lateral horns
Parasympathetic outflow leaves from
all axons leave from the CNA via cranial nerves III, VII, XI & X and cia sacral spinal nerves
Parasympathetic ganglia in head …
- lacrimal gland and salivary glands
Vagus nerve supplies organs
of the neck, chest and abdomen as far as the mid-gut
Sacral spinal nerves ‘carry’ parasympathetic axons
-to the hindgut, pelvis and perineum
