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Module 1 Anatomy > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q
  1. what is a hormone
A

chemical messenger

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2
Q

name 4 things hormones regulate ?

A

metablism

growth

reproductive function (pregnancy)

stress response

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3
Q

what is the difference between a hormone and a nerve response

A

the time is longer for a hormone.

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4
Q

lable the diagram

glad/ hormone released / target / receptor/ blood stream

A
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5
Q

define homeostasis

temp:

pluse

arterial bp

pH

blood glucose

A

keeping the physoilogical parameters constant despite external influences.

36.8

70

120/80

7.4

4-8mmol/L

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6
Q

what mechanism is used to maintain homeostasis

A

negative feedback.

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7
Q

define endocrine

A

hormones released into blood stream to distant cell to be affected by it

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8
Q

define paracine

A

chemical signal acts on the neighbouring cell

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9
Q

Autocrine

A

chemical signal acts on the cell that releases it

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10
Q

define diurnal secretion

A

vaires with meals and predictable over time

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11
Q

which secretion pattern is helping to maintain phsiology function.

A

constant secretion pattern

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12
Q

what is episodic secretion

A

reacts to a specific stimulus and less predictable

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13
Q

tumour can affect hormone sceretion?

A

increase by over stimulation of the cells.

destroy the gland therefore decreasing the hormone secreted.

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14
Q

lable the diagram with glands

head (2)

neck (2)

abdomen (2)

pelvis (1)

perinenum (1)

A
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15
Q

what is the diencephalon consits of

A

thalamus and the hypothalamus

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16
Q

what 2 hormones does the posterior pituitart gland produce

A

oxytocin & vasopressin ( ADH)

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17
Q

the brain stems has 3 structure

A

midbrain

pons

medulla

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18
Q

name the 3 parts of the pituitary gland?

A
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19
Q

lable the structures of the skull

sphenoid bone

pituitary gland

temporal bone

occipital bone

A
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20
Q

what is the posterior pituitart gland called

A

neurohypophysis

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21
Q

functions of oxytocin

A

ejection of breast milk

stimualters uterine contractions in child birth

social bonding

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22
Q

Vasopressin (ADH)

A

Aids water retention

23
Q

what runs down the infundibulum?

A

axons to the posterior pituitary

24
Q

name the 6 hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary cells

A

GH

Prolactin

TSH

ACTH

LH

FSH

25
Q

releaseing hormones/ inhibitory hormones are secreted from

A

Hypothalamic neurons

26
Q

what does T3 and T4 stand for

A

Triiodthyronine (T3)

Thryroxine (T4)

27
Q

metabolism/ growth are controlled by…

A

thyroid hormones

28
Q

what is used to manufacture t3/t4

A

iodine

29
Q

lacking in iron can lead to what effect ?

A

enlarged goitre (thyroid gland)

30
Q

lable the the diagram with thyriod/ hyoid/ cricoid/ epiglottis/

A
31
Q

where are the parathyroid glands

A

behind the thyriod glands

32
Q

what hormone controls the calcuim in the blood and bone

A

Parathyroid hormones.

33
Q

what detects Calcuim 2+ ions

A

parathyroid gland

34
Q

lable the structure

thyriod arther r/L

A
35
Q

lable the venous supply of the thyroid/ parathyroid

A
36
Q

role of the pancrease

A

ENDOCRINE- secretes insuline into blood in response to islets of langerhans cells detecting increassed blood glucose

EXOCRINE- digestive enzymes via ducts into duodenum

37
Q

type 1:

type 2: diabetes

A

failure to produce insulin

target cells fail to respond to insulin

38
Q

At what land marks does the pancrease fit into

A

retroperitoneum

L1/L2

posterior to stomach

anterior to aorta and IVC

inbetween duodenum and spleen

39
Q

where does the pancrease get the arterial blood supply

A

coeliac trunk

superior mesneteric artery

40
Q

where does the venous blood drain into ?

A

Spleenic vein & superior mesenteric vein

then into hepatic portal vein

41
Q

location of the adrenal gland

A

top of the kidneys but seperated by fascial septum.

42
Q

name the 2 anatomical and fucntional parts

A

adrenal cortext- glucocorticoids (ACTH control)/ mineralocorticoids /androgens

adrenal medulla- adrenaline and noadrenaline

43
Q

what is the fuction of :

  1. Glucocorticoids
  2. Mineralocorticoids
  3. Androgens
A
  1. influences metabolic rates of protein/ fats/ sugars
  2. regulates salt/ blood volume/ pressure
  3. andreogen- male sex hormones
44
Q

lable the structure with the arteries

A
45
Q

lable the diagram with venous supply

A
46
Q

where are the testes located

A

in the scrotum of the male perineum

47
Q

where are the inferior parts of the blood supply

A

spermatic cord

48
Q

what stimulates testosterone secretion

A

LH & anterior pituitary

49
Q

Testosterone contols what ?(3)

A

male secondary sex characteristics

closures of epiphyseal growth plates

stimulates sperm production

50
Q

what is secreted by the ovaries hormones?

A

oestrogen and progesterone

51
Q

what stimulates oestrogen/ progesterone

A

FSH/LH

from the anterior pituitary

52
Q

what is the fucntions of the progesterone

A

prepares for uterus for pregnancy

53
Q

what does oestrogen control

A

female secondary sex characteristics

Ovum development

54
Q

what is the name of arteries and veins that supply and drain the gonads of blood

A

gonadal arteries- from the abdominal aorta

venous drainage-

right gonadal vein goes to ivc

left gonad into the left renal vein

Module 1 Anatomy (6 decks)

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