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Module 1 Anatomy > Gastrointestinal Renal system > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Renal system Flashcards

1
Q

label the structure and what they consiste of?

Head: 2

Neck:2

Chest:1

Abdomen: 3

Pelvis: 2

Perineum: 1

A
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2
Q

name the functions of the Oral Cavity? (4)

A
  1. sensation
  2. salivation
  3. chewing
  4. initiating swallowing
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3
Q

name the functions of the pharynx? (3)

A
  1. Defence againt infection (tonsil)
  2. Swallowing
  3. Airways protection
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4
Q

name the functions of the oesphagus? (1)

A

transit from pharynx to the stomach

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5
Q

name the functions of the stomach? (3)

A
  1. Transit
  2. Defence against infection (acid)
  3. Digestion & Absorption
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6
Q

Name the functions of the large Intestine & Anus?

A
  1. Transit
  2. Reabsorption of water and electrolytes
  3. Stool formation
  4. Waste excretion
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7
Q

Lable the diagram

A
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8
Q

lable the following:

hard palate/ soft palate/ palatine tonsils/

gingiva uvula/ arch of the soft palate.

A
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9
Q

what is mastication? and what does it facilitates ?

A

process of chewing.

tastes and digestion

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10
Q

lable the diagram with

buccinator

A
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11
Q

how do we chew?

A

opening and closing of the jaw at Temporomandiubular joint

controlled by muscles of mastication.

3 close/ 1 open

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12
Q

what are 4 the muscles of mastication?

which open and close?

A
  1. Temporalis (close)
  2. Masseter (close)
  3. Medial Ptergoid (close
  4. Lateral Ptergoid (open)
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13
Q

how many teeth does an adult have

A

32

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14
Q

Lable the tongue papillae?

foliate

vallate

fungiform

filiform

and functions

A
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15
Q

how many pairs of extrinsic and intrensic muscles are there ?

A

4 exterinsic

1 for intrinsic

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16
Q

how is being a solute useful to siliva?

what does mucin do?

A

allows taste

aids swalloiwng & speach/ keeps mucosa moist

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17
Q

what enzyme does siliva have for digestion

A

amylase

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18
Q

name the 3 major glands and minor glands.

A

paratoid

submandiublar

sublingual.

minor glands keep mouth moint from basal secretion.

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19
Q

where does the parotid gland secrete to

where does the subandiular gland secrete to

where does the sublingual gland secrete to

A

upper 2nd molar

secrets via the submandibular duct

several sublingual ducts.

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20
Q

where are the muscles for facial expression

A

superficial fasica and fascial skeleton

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21
Q

what is the function of the buccinator muscle in the face ?

A

tenses the cheek

Align food between teeth

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22
Q

what is the function of the orbicularis Oris in the face ?

A

prevents dribbling during chewing and swallowing as they lie within the lips

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23
Q

Lable the 3 parts of the pharynx

A
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24
Q

what is special about the epiglotis

A

moves posteriorly aiding the closure of laryngeal inlet.

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25
Q

how can you reduce the chance of aspiration

A

by raising the larynx towards the oesophagus.

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26
Q

what is the oesophagus and its function

A

muscular tube.

trasmit food/ liquid to stomach.

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27
Q

what type of muscle are the 3 layers of anterolateral abdominal wall ?

A

skeletal muscles

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28
Q

lable the diagram

A
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29
Q

out of the 3 muscles… skeletal muscle/ smooth muscle and cardiac muscule which oneis voluntary

A

skeletal muscle

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30
Q

define the peritoneum

A

serous membrane which secrets lubricating peritoneal fluid into te peritoneal cavity.

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31
Q

what is peritonitis?

A

inflammation of the peritoneum caused by infection.

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32
Q

lable the organs (6)

A
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33
Q

name the sphicter between the duodenum abd stomach

A

pyloric sphincter.

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34
Q

what is the functin of the stomach

A

digestions and defence agaisnt infection.

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35
Q

how is the small intestine attached to the body wall?

A

by the mesentery.

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36
Q

name the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum

jejunum

ileum

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37
Q

what is the mesentery? and its function

A

double layer of the peitoneum.

allows passage of nerves/ arteries and veins.

38
Q

where does the Pancreas sit?

A

in the curved part of the duodenum.

faces towards the spleen

39
Q

what are the 2 fucntion of the pancrease

A

Enodcrine - release hormones into the blood

Exocrine - release digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

40
Q

name the duct that pancreas uses to release hormones?

A

main pancreatic duct

41
Q

fuction of the gallbladder?

A

store and concentrate bile

42
Q

where is bile produced

A

liver

43
Q

what is the name of the duct that carrys bile from the liver?

A

common hepatic duct

44
Q

what is the name of the duct closer to the gallbladder

A

cystic duct

45
Q

when the liver duct and the duct close to the gallbladder combine it is given a name …

A

bule duct (CBD)

46
Q

fucntion fo the liver ?

A

metabolism of carbohydrates/ lipids/ proteins

detoxifies blood

47
Q

what does biliary system include

A

liver / gallbladder/ biliary tree/ duodenum

48
Q

Large intestine function?

A

transit

water reabsorption & electrolytes

Stool formation

49
Q

Large Intestine and small intestine are connected by what junction?

A

ileocecal valve is a sphincter muscle valve that separates the small intestine and the large intestine

50
Q

lable the diagram with:

caecum ascending

colon

transverse colon

descending colon

sigmoid colon

appendix

A
51
Q

rectum and the anal are made up of what muscle

A

smooth muscle

52
Q

the sphincter is made from mucle group name it ?

and why

A

skeletal muscle

for control

53
Q

what organs are in the foregut? (4)

A

Oesophagus to mid duodenum

Liver + gall bladder

Spleen

1/2 of pancreas

54
Q

what organs are in the midgut?

A

mid duodenum to proximal 2/3 of trans colon

1/2 pancreas

55
Q

what organs are in the hindgut

A

distal 1/3 of the transverse colon to proximal

1/2 of anal canal.

56
Q

name the 3 branches of the abdnominal aorta support that supply the foregut/ midgut/ hindgut

A

Coeliac Trunk (foregut)

Superior mesenteric artery (midgut organs)

Inferior mesenteric artery (hindgut)

57
Q

inferior mesenteric vein drains what ?

A

hindgut via the splenic vein

58
Q

what drains the midgut

A

super mesenteric vein

59
Q

splenic vein drains

A

foregut

60
Q

what all links to the hepatic portal vein

A

Superior mesenteric vein+

Inferior mesenteric vein +

Splenic vein

61
Q

Portal venous system drains from ?

A

GI tract and assoicted organs- spleen and the pancreas

62
Q

what is the type of blood is absored from the portal venous system?

A

de-oxygentated and

nutrient- rich

63
Q

systemic venous system drains de-oxygenated from the…

A

rest of the rest of the boyd

64
Q
  1. Food and Liquid consumed
  2. Transported through …
  3. Mainly absorbed by …
  4. Taken up by … system blood
  5. Received and processed by the …
  6. Transported to the … by systemic circulation
  7. Pumped round the body by the …
A
  1. Food and Liquid consumed
  2. Transported through GI tract
  3. Mainly absorbed by small intestine
  4. Taken up by portal system blood
  5. Received and processed by the liver
  6. Transported to the heart by systemic circulation
  7. Pumped round the body by the heart
65
Q

what is homeostasis

A

maintenance of the body’s internal environment

66
Q

Renal system function

A

maintaining blood ph and pressure control

Fluid & electrolytes balance

removal of waste/ drugs

stimulate red blood cell production

needed for calcium absorption

67
Q

what organ produces urine which is passed down the urinary tract.

A

Kidney

68
Q

how many parts does the uriniary tract have ?

name them?

A

4

kidney

ureter

bladder urethra

69
Q

where do the kidneys sit? and why

A

retroperitoneum

70
Q

lable the picture: kidney/ ureter/ bladder/ urethra

A
71
Q

what is the position of the kidneys

A

right kidney- L1-L3

becuase of the liver pushing down on it

Left kidney T12-L2

72
Q

name 7 things the protect the kidneys

A
  1. retroperitoneum
  2. vertebral column
  3. ribs
  4. skeletal muscles- back/ antero- lateral abdominal wall/ posterior abdominal wall
  5. rennal deep fascia
  6. Paranephric (outside) & perinephric fat
  7. renal capsule
73
Q

lable this with: Parietal peritoneum/ paraneprhic fat/ renal deep fascia/ perinephric fat/ renal capsule

A
74
Q

lable this: artery and vein

A
75
Q

lable the internal stucture of the kidney

renal papilla/renal cortex/ renal capsule/ renal medula

A
76
Q

what 2 things do kidneys consist of

A

cortex and medulla

77
Q

what is this structure and lable it ?

renal corpuscle/ proximal convoluted tubule/ Loop of henle/ distal convoluted tuble/ collecting duct

A
78
Q

how is urine drained ?

A

nephron collecting ducts –> minor calyx –>

major calyx –> renal pevis –> ureter

79
Q

diamater of the tubes increase until what junction?

A

pelviureteric junction

80
Q

what is micturiation

A

urination via urethra

81
Q

what smooth muscle contracts during micturitaion

A

Detrusor muscle

82
Q

lable the structure:

Ureters /Ureteric orifices/

/Trigone /Neck bladder /Urethra /Apex

A
83
Q

name the muscle that encircle ureteric orifices ?

what is the function of it?

A

detrusor muscle fibres

prevents reflux of urine into the ureters.

84
Q

internal urethral sphincter function ?

A

prevents ejaculatory reflux.

only in males.

85
Q

there are 2 sphinctes in the uerthral name ?

mention which is controllable

A

internal uerthal sphincter (involuntary)

external urethral sphincter (voluntary)

86
Q

females are prone to UTI why ?

A

urethra is shot/ destensible/ opens into the vestibule

87
Q

Lable this: bladder /urethra/ internal urethral orifice/ external urethral orifice/ external urethral sphincter

A
88
Q

name the 3 bilateral arteries that branch of the abdominal aorta?

A

adrenal arteries

renal arteries

gonaldal arteries

89
Q

how many segments branch from each renal arter

A

5 to supply nephrons

90
Q

what is different about the left renal vein

A

has to cross the aorta to empty into the IVC

91
Q

name the 4 veins of the renal system and where the drain?

A

right renal vein: IVC

right gonadal vein : IVC

left renal vein: IVC but longer to travel to drain

left gonadal vein: drains into the left renal vein

Module 1 Anatomy (6 decks)

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