Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P I > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superior and inferior spinal enlargements? What do they each innervate?

A

Cervical enlargement (innervate upper limbs) and lumbar enlargement (lower limbs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the connective tissue called that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx?

A

Filum terminale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the tapering end of the spinal cord called?

A

Conus medullaris

L1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which nerves are part of the cervical enlargement?

A

C4-T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which nerves are part of the thoracic enlargement?

A

T9-T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

Bundle of nerve roots in vertebral canal

Inferior to conus medullarus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do spinal nerves emerge from the spine?

A

Intervertebral foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
How many pairs of nerves does each section of the spine have?
Cervical nerves
Thoracic nerves
Lumbar nerves
Sacral nerves
Coccygeal nerves
A 
Cervical - 8 pairs
Thoracic - 12 pairs
Lumbar - 5 pairs
Sacral - 5 pairs
Coccygeal - 1 pair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 layers of the spinal meninges?

A 
Dura mater (outer)
Arachnoid mater (middle)
Pia mater (inner)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Spinal nerves - where do they branch?

A

After passing through intervertebral foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the branches of the spinal nerves called, after they pass through the intervertebral foramina and split?

A

Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve

Ventral ramus of spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Of the dorsal and ventral rami of the spinal nerve, which innervates the muscles and skin of the POSTERIOR, and which innervates the limbs and the muscles and skin of the LATERAL and VENTRAL trunk?

A

Dorsal - posterior muscles and skin

Ventral ramus - ventral and lateral skin and muscles, plus limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the ventral rami of the thoracic nerves innervate?

A

Innervate muscles and skin of thorax, and abdominal skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 4 nerve plexuses?

A
  1. Cervical (C1-5)
  2. Brachial (C5-T1)
  3. Lumbar (T12-L4)
  4. Sacral (L4-S4)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Do sensory neurons enter the gray matter of the spinal cord through the anterior or posterior gray horns?

A

Sensory enter through the posterior horns

Motor leave through the anterior horns

17
Q

In the spinal cord’s white matter, what do the anterior, posterior, and lateral columns contain?

A

Tracts - bundles of axons in the CNS carrying similar information in one direction

18
Q

What are the bundles of axons called that run up and down the spinal cord carrying info? Are they in the white or gray matter?

A

Tracts

White matter

19
Q

What are the 3 kinds of pathways that motor (efferent) tracts can use?

A

Direct (voluntary - skeletal muscles)
Indirect (voluntary but subconscious, e.g. balance and posture)
Autonomic (visceral, e.g. cardiac and smooth muscle)

20
Q

What are the 5 steps of the reflex arc?

A
  1. Sensory receptor produces graded potential
  2. Sensory neuron stimulated and action potential is triggered
  3. Integrating center (branches into monosynaptic or polysynaptic reflex arcs)
  4. Motor neuron
  5. Effector
21
Q

What is the difference between monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex arcs?

A

Monosynaptic - sensory neuron synapse directly with motor neuron
Polysynaptic - sensory neuron synapses with one or more INTERNEURONS before impulse reaches motor neuron

22
Q

What is the stretch reflex?

A

Prevents muscles from over-extending

Elicited by tapping tendons of muscles at elbow, wrist, knee, and ankle

23
Q

Is the stretch reflex monosynaptic or polysynaptic?

A

Monosynaptic

24
Q

What is the an ipsilateral reflex? (vs. contralateral)

A

Sensory impulse triggers motor impulse on the same side of the spinal cord, vs. opposite side

25
Q

Reciprocal innervation - how does that relate to reflexes?

A

It’s the system that causes the antagonist muscles to relax so that the reflex muscle can contract

26
Q

What is the tendon reflex?

A

The thing that makes your legs go jelly when you jump off a wall - protects your tendons from tearing

27
Q

What is a withdrawal reflex?

A

Pull away from painful stimulus

28
Q

What is the crossed extensor reflex?

A

Causes the opposite limbs to counteract what your reflex is making your body do (for balance, etc.)

A&P I (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions