Muscular System Flashcards
What does muscle shape depend on?
The arrangement of fascicles
What are parallel muscles? Example?
Fascicles parallel to long axis of muscle
Strap-like or spindle-shaped
Ex: Sartorius muscle on thigh, biceps brachii on arm
What are convergent muscles? Example?
Broad origin, fascicles converge towards a central tendon or insertion
Ex: Pectoralis major
What are pennate muscles? What are the 3 kinds of pennate muscles? Example?
Feather-like fascicle arrangement
- Unipennate (extensor digitorum longus)
- Bipennate (rectus femoris)
- Multipennate (deltoid)
What are circular muscles? Example?
Fascicles encircle an orifice, forming a sphincter that can open or close the orifice
Ex: orbicularis oris
Which fascicle arrangement provides greater range of motion: longer parallel bundles, or broader thicker bundles?
Greater range of motion: longer parallel bundles
Which fascicle arrangement provides greater power: longer parallel bundles, or broader thicker bundles?
Greater power: broader thicker bundles
What is the name of the muscle in a muscle group that contracts to cause action?
Prime mover or agonist
What is the name of the muscle in a muscle group that relaxes to allow the prime mover to move?
Antagonist
What is the name of a muscle in a muscle group that promotes the action of the prime mover by assisting it?
Synergist
What is the name of a muscle in a muscle group that stabilizes the origin of a prime mover?
Fixator
What is a group of muscles with related functions, and their associated nerves and vessels wrapped in fascia?
Muscle compartment
What do the following muscle names indicate?
Lateralis, medialis, anterior, posterior
Position
What do the following muscle names indicate?
Rectus, transverse, oblique
Orientation of fascicles relative to body planes
What do the following muscle names indicate?
Temporalis, brachialis
Anatomical location
