nervous system

Question 1

what are the 3 types of nervous systems?

Answer 1

• central nervous system
• peripheral nervous system
• enteric nervous system (Gut)

Question 2

What does the CNS consist of?

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

what is the function of the CNS?

Answer 3

it receives and processes information & coordinates organ function
- it is control of balance, posture, sleep, learning, memory, emotions

Question 4

what are the 4 different parts of the brain?

Answer 4

• frontal lobe
• partial lobe
• occipital lobe
• temporal lobe

Question 5

what is the frontal lobe in charge of?

Answer 5

reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions and problem solving

Question 6

what is the parietal lobe in charge of?

Answer 6

movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli

Question 7

what is the occipital lobe in charge of?

Answer 7

visual processing

Question 8

what is the temporal lube in charge of?

Answer 8

perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech

Question 9

what is the function of the peripheral nervous system? and what’s it in charge of?

Answer 9

it sends sensory input to CNS
it is in charge of touch, sight, sound, pain, smell (Senses)
- also emitts viceral (organ) information such as blood pressure, fullness of stomach and this is fed into the CNS

Question 10

what are afferent neurones?

Answer 10

neurons that receive information from sensory organs and transmit this input to the central nervous system

Question 11

what are sensory organs?

Answer 11

eyes, ears, tongue, skin, and nose

Question 12

what are efferent neurones?

Answer 12

are conducting cells that carry information from the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) to muscles and organs throughout the body.

Question 13

what is an interneurone?

Answer 13

A spinal interneuron is an interneuron found in the spinal cord that relays signals between (afferent) sensory neurons, and (efferent) motor neurons

Question 14

what does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 14

it controls smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands

Question 15

what system do efferent neurones belong to?

Answer 15

the somatic nervous system - this contains motor neurones which regulate contraction of skeletal muscles (this is under voluntary control)

Question 16

what is the autonomic nervous system

Answer 16

neurones regulate function of internal organs, sweat glands, blood vessels…

Question 17

what does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Answer 17

the somatic nervous system (voluntary) and the autonomic nervous system (involuntary)

Question 18

what is a nerve cell?

Answer 18

a neurone

Question 19

what is a dendrite?

Answer 19

extension of a nerve cell

Question 20

what is the function of dendrites?

Answer 20

they receive input from other neurones via synapses

Question 21

what is the function of an axon?

Answer 21

its a nerve fibre, it transmits action potential to postsynaptic neurone or the effector organ

Question 22

what does the cell body contain?

Answer 22

nucleus, organelles, it carries out cellular functions (protein synthesis, metabolism). it connects to the denderites

Question 23

what do neurones transmit?

Answer 23

electrical impulses as an “action potential”

Question 24

what is an action potential?

Answer 24

distribution of charge across plasma membrane.

Question 25

how do action potentials arise?

Answer 25

arise from a change in membrane potential

movement of Na+ and K+ result in an action potential

Question 26

what is the resting potential?

Answer 26

-70mV

Question 27

which gradient do ions move down?

Answer 27

an electrochemical gradient

Question 28

where are neurotransmitters released from?

Answer 28

released by presynaptic cells into synaptic cleft and binds to receptors in cell membrane of postsynaptic cells

Question 29

give 2 examples of amine neurotransmitters

Answer 29

serotonin, dopamine

Question 30

what does serotonin do?

Answer 30

influences mood, so low levels of this would lead to depression

Question 31

what does dopamine do?

Answer 31

coordinates movement, so deficiency of this leads to Parkinson’s disease.

Question 32

what is acetylcholine inactivated by?

Answer 32

sarin nerve gas.

Botox blocks acetylcholine release

Question 33

what does glutamate do?

Answer 33

it is excitory, so it produces an action potential

Question 34

what does glycine do?

Answer 34

it is inhibitory, it prevents action potential

Question 35

name an inhibitor neurotransmitter?

Answer 35

GABA