Intro to the reproductive system Flashcards
can changes in basal body temperature be used to manage fertility?
yes
progesterone exerts an effect upon the hypothalamus to increase body temp. true or false?
true
what is aetiology?
the cause of disease
which gender’s urethra is longer?
men’s
why are UTI’s much more likely in women?
because the urethra is much shorter
what causes most UTI’s?
E.coli causes about 75% of UTIs
anything that slows urine flow, what does it do?
could precipitate a UTI
when is it difficult to manage UTIs in women?
when they’re pregnant
what is the uterus lined by?
endometrium
are the ovaries connected to the Fallopian tube?
no
what is octopic pregnancy?
embryo implanted in fallopian tube
what is the cervix?
a hard layer of muscle that controls entry into the reproductive trap of sperm after coitus
what do endocrine glands do?
they synthesize and store hormones. they have a sensing and signaling system which regulate the duration and magnitude of hormone release via feedback from the target cell.
what has a target cell got to have?
a receptor for the hormone
what are some functions of the endocrine system?
maintenance of the internal environment in the body
- integration and regulation of growth and development
- control, maintenance and instigation of sexual reproduction
what is paracrine action?
the hormone acts locally by diffusing from its source to target cells nearby
what is the endocrine action?
the hormone is distributed in blood and binds to distant target cells
what is the autocrine action?
the hormone acts on the same cell that produced it
what are gonadotrophins?
chemically complex peptide hormones. they all have the same alpha unit but different beta unit
- they exert their effects via G-protein coupled receptors
what are steroid hormones derived from?
cholestrol
what do steroid hormones differ in?
they differ in the ring structure and side chains attached to it.0
are all steroid hormones lipid soluble?
yes
what are the main effects of oestrogen
basal body temp, maturation in blood tissue,
what are the main effects of oestrogen
basal body temp, maturation in blood tissue,
what feedback control is most common?
negative feedback
prior to ovulation, what kind of feedback is it?
positive feedback
what age does menarche start?
at 12 years
what age does menopause start?
51 years
what are eicosanoids?
molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, local hormones
what is GnRH?
gonadotropin releasing hormone
what is basal body temp?
he lowest body temperature attained during rest
what happens to basal body temp during the menstrual cycle?
there is a slight surge after ovulation due to progestrone predominance in the second part of the menstrual cycle
what happens to basal body temp during the menstrual cycle?
there is a slight surge after ovulation due to progestrone predominance in the second part of the menstrual cycle
how does understand reproduction and the way hormones exert their effects help us?
allows us to control fertility, manage disease states such as osteoporosis
what controls gametogenesis?
gonadotrophins
