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year 9 Science > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two main parts of the nervous system

A

The central nervous system

The peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

What is the central nervous system made up of

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of

A

All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that carry messages to and from the CNS and other parts of your body

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4
Q

What is the nervous system made up of

A

Trillions of nerve cells or neurons

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5
Q

What do neurones carry

A

Electrical messages called nerve impulses

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6
Q

What direction do nerve impulses carry

A

In only one direction

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7
Q

What are the four main parts of a neurone

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Knobs
Axons

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8
Q

What does the cell body contain

A

The nucleus

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9
Q

What is the nucleus

A

The control centre of the cell

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10
Q

What are the dendrites

A

They branch out from the cell body and recieve messages from other nerve cells

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11
Q

What is the axon

A

The axon or nerve fibres send nerve impulses in only one direction, away from the cell body

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12
Q

What are the knobs

A

They pass messages on to the next neurone

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13
Q

What are motor neurones

A

They carry messages from the CNS to effectors, which are muscles or glands, that out the messages into effect. They cause movement in muscles and glands

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14
Q

What are sensory neurones

A

They carry messages from cells in the sense organs, (such as eyes ears tongue and skin) to brain and spinal cord

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15
Q

What does the motor neurone look like

A

They have dendrites coming off the cell body which then goes into the axon, which has myelin sheath around it and Schwanns cells which then leads into the axon terminals, or knobs where the impulse finishes.

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16
Q

What does the sensory neurone look like

A

It has dendrites which lead into the axon with myelin sheath, and the cell body comes off the axon. At the end of the axon are the knobs or axon terminals

17
Q

What does the connecting neurone look like

A

It is much smaller and have many dendrites coming off the cell body, which goes into the axon that has no myelin sheath, and into the axon terminals or knobs

18
Q

What is the connecting neurone

A

They are very small neurones which connect other neurones to other places. They don’t have myelin because of the short distance, and they have many dendrites.

19
Q

Explain what happens when impulses reach knobs

A

When they reach the end a chemical called neurotransmitter is released into the space between the neurones, or synapse. The neurotransmitter carries the message from the axon of one neurone to the dendrite of the nest. The dendrite receives the chemical message and sends off an electrical signal

20
Q

What is a myelin sheath

A

It electrically insulated the neurones from eachother and increases the speed of the nerve impulse

21
Q

What are the two separate parts of the peripheral nervous system

A

The somatic nervous system

The autonomic nervous system

22
Q

What is the somatic nervous system

A

It is in the PNS. It collects information about an animals surroundings through sensory organs

23
Q

What are the somatic nervous systems organ

A

Receptors

24
Q

What are receptors

A

They detect changes in environment. The changes stimulate the nerve endings to send messages to your brain

25
Q

What are some types of receptors

A

Mechanoreceptors - sensitive to touch
Photoreceptors - sensitive to light
Thermoreceptors - respond to changes of temperature
Chemoreceptors - sensitive to chemicals such as food

26
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system

A

They control the activities in our body that happen without us realising, such as heart beating etc

27
Q

What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

28
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do

A

It speeds up the functions of your body and makes it work efficiently. It prepares your body for emergencies by making it more alert

29
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do

A

It slows everything down. It is in control when you are resting

30
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do

A

It prepares your body for intense activity by diverting blood away from areas that will not be used

31
Q

What is a stimulus

A

It is what caused reflexes to react

32
Q

How does the nervous system respond to stimuli

A

Receptors stimulate the nervous system
Then sensory nerves send a message to the brain
The brain works out the response that is required
It then sends a message along the motor nerves to the effectors which are the muscles or glands that will put the response into effect

33
Q

What happens when you touch something hot?

A

Receptors detect the temperature in your skin which activates the sensory neurone. This sends nerve impulses to the spinal cord. Within the spinal cord a connecting neurone which passes it to the motor neurone which sends impulses to the arm muscles (effectors) to contract, lifting your hand away from the hot object. A message is send to the brain afterwards, only then can the brain register the pain

34
Q

What is a reflex arc

A

It is made up of the sensory neurone, connecting neurone and motor neurone. It is in the spinal cord and allows you to react very quickly to protect your body from harm

year 9 Science (7 decks)

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