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year 9 Science > Chapter 9- Ecosystems > Flashcards

Chapter 9- Ecosystems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the term that means, animals that only eat plants

A

Herbivores

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2
Q

Name the term that means, animals that only eat other animals

A

Carnivores

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3
Q

Name the term that means, organisms that break down dead bodies and wastes and recycle material for the produces to reuse

A

Decomposers

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4
Q

Name the term that means, animals that feed only on dead animals

A

Scavengers

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5
Q

What is the range of different species in a community called?

A

Biodiversity

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6
Q

Four arguments in favour of protecting ecosystems

A
  • cultural value
  • economics
  • survival
  • compassion
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7
Q

Why is photosynthesis so important to an ecosystem?

A

Because it is used to make all the other materials that a plant needs, such as proteins, fats and vitamins.

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8
Q

How does energy enter an ecosystem?

A

From one organism eating another organism.

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9
Q

What is an adaption?

A

An adaption is a characteristic that helps a living organism survive successfully in its environment. Survival needs to be until the organism can reproduce.

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10
Q

What does abiotic mean?

A

Not biotic

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11
Q

What does biotic mean?

A

Living

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12
Q

Abiotic factors

A
  • salinity ( salt content)
  • require water ( not all drink it)
  • sunlight
  • oxygen content
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13
Q

Biotic factors are

A
  • food supply
  • predators
  • parasites
  • collaborators -mutralism- comauensalism
  • competition
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14
Q

Name the term that means, organisms that eat food

A

Consumers

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15
Q

What are the 4 main types of relationships between organisms?

A

Competition - baby birds
Predation- lion
Mutualism - flagellate
Parasitism- parastitic wasp

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16
Q

Definition of an ecosystem

A

A place where organisms and their physical surroundings form a balanced environment that is different from others nearby

17
Q

What is a food chain?

A

A food chain is a sequence of organisms redding on each other

18
Q

What is a first order consumers?

A

Usually a herbivore

19
Q

What is a second order consumer?

A

An animal feeding on a first order consumer

20
Q

What is a third order consumer?

A

An animal feeding on a second order consumer. An animal that eats other animals is called an carnivore.

21
Q

What is an food web

A

All the linked food chains in an organism

22
Q

What are the main human impacts on an ecosystem?

A

Habitat destruction- eg logging
Introduced species- foxes, cats
Chemical pesticides - ddt, spraying insecticides on crops
Chemical pollution- global warming
Over cropping- can lead to animal endangeredment h

23
Q

List the components of an ecosystem

A
  • physical surroundings, such as rocks, soul and water
  • living organisms
  • living and non living factors that make up an environment.
24
Q

What is mutualism and an example of it?

A

Mutualism is a relationship where both organisms benefit positively and rely on eachother for interaction.
E.g. Grouper and shrimp

25
Q

What is competition?

A

A relationship where both organisms compete with eachother for food, shelter, space and light

26
Q

What is commensalism and and an example of it?

A

A relationship where one organism benefits and one dosent but is not harmed.
E.g. Some shrimp live in giant anemones and capture their food.

27
Q

What is parasitism and an example of it?

A

A relationship where one organism benefits and one is harmed.
E.g. Zika virus and humans

28
Q

What is predication and an example of it?

A

A relationship where one organism feeds on another (animals, prey, preditor.)
E.g. Anemones and fish

29
Q

What are some examples of adaptation?

A
  • Neptunes necklace has balloon like features/ beads so they can float in water and get sunlight
  • sea stars have hard bumps on the edge of them to protect themselves from predators
  • barnacles have a adhesive that helps them stick to anything
    Blue ringed octopus have blue rings that light up to scare off predators
30
Q

Definition of an ecosystem

A

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

31
Q

Definition of an ecosystem

A

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

32
Q

What is a food chain

A

A network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms

33
Q

What is a producer organism?

A

It is an organism that feeds other organisms

E.g. Grass, neptunes necklace

34
Q

What is a first order consumer?

A

Eats from the producer. Is a herbivore.

E.g. small snail

35
Q

What is a second order consumer?

A

Eats the first order consumer. Is a carnivore. E.g. larger mollusc

36
Q

What are some human impacts on ecosystems?

A
  • deforestation
  • pollution
  • waste dumping
  • over hunting and over fishing
  • industrial gases

year 9 Science (7 decks)

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