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BIOM1052 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent:

A

Sensory info to the CNS

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2
Q

Efferent:

A

Motor commands from the CNS

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3
Q

Nerves:

A

Bundles of axons in the PNS

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4
Q

Tracts:

A

Bundles of axons in the CNS

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5
Q

Ganglia:

A

Clusters of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS

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6
Q

Nuclei:

A

Clusters of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS

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7
Q

White Matter:

A

Mostly myelinated axons; contains tracts

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8
Q

Grey Matter:

A

Cell bodies, dendrites, unmyelinated axons and glia; contains nuclei

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9
Q

EPSP:

A

Neurotransmitter binding causes cation channels to open & Na+ enters cell; less negative membrane potential

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10
Q

IPSP:

A

Neurotransmitter binding causes channels to open & either K+ to leave or Cl- to enter the cell: more negative membrane potential

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11
Q

Dura Mater:

A

Outer thick fibrous sheath → provides stability and protection

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12
Q

Arachnoid Mater:

A

The middle of three layers that make up the meninges, containing CSF

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13
Q

Pia Mater:

A

Inner membrane bound to spinal chord → provides support to blood vessels of the spinal chord

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14
Q

Epidural Space:

A

Loose connective tissue, blood vessels and adipose tissue between Dura mater and vertebrae

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15
Q

Subarachnoid Space:

A

Strands of connective tissue that looks like a spiders web, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid, between arachnoid mater and pia mater. CSF acts as a shock absorber and diffusion medium for gasses and nutrients.

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16
Q

Dorsal Horn:

A

Cell bodies of interneurons receiving sensory info (towards the back)

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17
Q

Ventral Horn:

A

Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons (towards the front)

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18
Q

Lateral Horn:

A

Cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons (to the side)

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19
Q

Dorsal Root:

A

Sensory (afferent) axons

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20
Q

Ventral Root:

A

Motor (efferent) axons

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21
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglia:

A

Collection of sensory cell bodies

22
Q

Monosynaptic:

A

One synapse between afferent and efferent neuron

23
Q

Polysynaptic:

A

More than one synapse. Involves interneurons

24
Q

Muscle Spindle:

A

Sensory receptor for stretch reflex

25
Q

Reciprocal Inhibition:

A

Simultaneous stimulation and inhibition of antagonistic muscles

26
Q

Contralateral:

A

Motor response on opposite side to stimulus

27
Q

Ipsilateral:

A

Motor response on same side as stimulus

28
Q

Chloroid Plexus:

A

A network of blood vessels in each ventricle of the brain, producing the cerebrospinal fluid.

29
Q

Blood Brain Barrier:

A

Formed by tightly adhered capillary cells

30
Q

Sensory Homunculus:

A

Represents the sensitivity of each body region

31
Q

Motor Homunculus:

A

Represents the amount of motor control devoted to each body region

32
Q

Autonomic Tone:

A

Basal rate of activity to allow increase AND decrease

33
Q

Two Motor Neuron Chain:

A

Two motor neurons that synapse at an autonomic ganglion in the PNS

34
Q

Preganglionic Neuron:

A

Cell bodies in the CNS

35
Q

Ganglionic Neuron:

A

Cell bodies in autonomic ganglia

36
Q

Preganglionic Fibres:

A

Axons in the CNS

37
Q

Postganglionic Fibres:

A

Axons in the autonomic ganglia

38
Q

Autonomic Ganglia:

A

Autonomic ganglia are clusters of neuron cell bodies that transmit sensory signals from the PNS to integration centres in the CNS.

39
Q

Cholinergic Fibres:

A

Release acetylcholine

40
Q

Adrenergic Fibres:

A

Release norepinephrine

41
Q

Nicotinic Receptors:

A

Sodium channels on all ganglionic neurons. Binding of Ach is excitatory.

42
Q

Muscarinic Receptors:

A

G-protein coupled receptors on all parasympathetic target organs. Binding of Ach is excitatory or inhibitory

43
Q

Adrenergic Receptors:

A

5 types of G-protein coupled receptors, found on sympathetic target organs, that bind epinephrine and nor epinephrine with differing affinities.

44
Q

Receptor Adaptation:

A

Most receptors adapt to constant stimulation, which means receptor potential magnitude decreases over time

45
Q

Tonic Receptors:

A

Adapt slowly or not at all, with a constant response to stimuli

46
Q

Phasic Receptors:

A

Adapt quickly and responds to changes in stimuli

47
Q

Labelled Line:

A

Neural pathway from sensory receptor to cortex, specific to each type of stimuli

48
Q

Receptive Field:

A

The area monitored by a single sensory neuron

49
Q

Mechanoreceptors:

A

Responds to touch, pressure, vibration and position of joints and muscles

50
Q

Thermoreceptors:

A

Two types; warm and cold. They are fast adapting phasic receptors and respond strongly to changes in temperature.

51
Q

Nociceptors:

A

Detects pain and is associated with behavioural and emotional responses.

52
Q

Chemoreceptors:

A

Detects chemical stimulus

BIOM1052 (9 decks)

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