Cardiovascular Flashcards
Arteries
Carry blood AWAY from the heart
Capillaries
Exhange of gases, nutrients and waste products between blood and tissues
Veins
Return blood TOWARD the heart
Anastomosis
The site where two or more arteries (or veins) converge to supply the same body tissue
Tunica Intima
Simple squamous epithelium formimg smooth surface of lumen
Tunica Media
Circularly arranged smooth muscle cells. Contraction/relaxation changes vessel diameter
Tunica Externa
Outer protective coonective tissue layer. Large veins may have longitudinal muscle
Superior Vena Cava
Recieves blood from the body superior to the diaphram and drains into the right atrium
Inferior Vena Cava
Recieves most of the blood from the body inferior to the diaphram and drains into the right atrium
Coronary Sinus
Recieves blood from the heart
The Lymphatic System
Return excess interstituial fluid to the circulation, transport of dietary lipids and lipid soluble vitamins from the GIT to the blood and is part of the immune system
Lymphatic Capillaries
Absorbs large molecules such as proteins and lipids
Autorhythmic Cells
Non-contractile cells generating action potentials, that account for 1% of cardiac muscle cells
Cardiac Output
Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute (=Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
Stroke Volume
Volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle during each contraction (= EDV-ESV)
EDV - End Diastolic Volume
Volume of blood in the ventricle during relaxation
ESV - End Systolic Volume
Volume of blood in the ventricle after systole
Venous Return
Volume of blood returning back to the heart each minute
Total Peripheral Resistance
–> = R arteries + Rarterioles + R capillaries + R venules + R veins
Mean Arterial Pressure
Average pressure in the arteries ( = cardiac output x total preipheral resistance) –> used by the body to regulate blood pressure
Precapillary Sphincters
Contract to control blood suply to capillaries and regulate flow
Bulk Flow
Continuous flow of fluid and soluted between caillaries and interstitial fluid, controlled by hydrostastic and osmotic pressure –> filtration and reabsorption
Compliance
Ability to stretch and hold a greater volume
Cardiac Suction
heart acting as a suction pump witht the contraction and relaxation of ventricles
Skeletal Muscle Pump
Large veins that lie between the skeletal muscle are compressed with muscle action and blood is pushed through the vein
Venous Valves
Valves control the direction of blood flow and prevent backflow
Baroreceptors
Mechonoreceptors that respond to stretch
