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Micro biology > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which Gram - Bacteria is the most common cause of meningitis in College students

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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2
Q

What Gram + Bacteria is the most common cause of Meningitis in Adults

A

Streptocuccus pneumoniae

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3
Q

What Gram - Bacteria is the most common cause of meningitis in children

A

Haemophilus influenzoe B

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4
Q

What Gram + Bacteria is the most common cause of Meningitis in Elderly, babies and pregnant women

A

Listeria Moncytogenes

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5
Q

What Gram + bacteria is the most common cause of Meningitis in premature babies and infants

A

Streotococcus agalactiae

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6
Q

How is Listeria moncytogenes transmitted

A

Contaminated Food and Drink

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7
Q

How is Streptococcus agalactiae transmitted

A

Birth canal

Health care personal

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8
Q

What type of meningitis is associated with a Sudden high fever and sever meningeal inflammation

A

Bacterial meningitis

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9
Q

What bacteria causes Hansen’s disease (leprosy)

A

Mycobacterium leprae

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10
Q

What are the two types of Leprosy

A

Tuberculoid Leprosy

Lepromatous Leprosy

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11
Q

What type of leprosy causes one to lose facial features, digits and other body structures

A

Lepromatous Leprosy

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12
Q

What happens in tuberculoid leprosy

A

Regions of lost sensation as a result of nerve damage

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13
Q

How is leprosy transmitted

A

Person-to-person contact or break in the skin

Handling armadillos

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14
Q

What kind of Leprosy would one get if they have a strong immune system

A

Tuberculoid leprosy

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15
Q

What kind of leprosy would on get if they have a weak immune system

A

Lupromatous leprosy

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16
Q

What bacteria causes Botulism

A

Colstridium botulinum

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of Botulism

A

Flaccid paralysis

Death - Cannot inhale

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18
Q

How does one get Botulism

A

Contaminated food
Honey
Spores entering wounds

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19
Q

What is the most common form of botulism in the US

A

Infant botulism (floppy baby syndrom)

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20
Q

What category of bioterrorism threat is botulism

A

Cat A

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21
Q

What Bacteria causes lockjaw (tetnus)

A

Clostridium tentani

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22
Q

What are symptoms of Tetnus

A

Sever muscular contraction
Lockjay
Death - Cant exhale

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23
Q

How does one get Tetnus

A

Break in skin
Puncture wounds
Umbilical stump (in un-steril environment)

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24
Q

What is the smiling spasm associated with tetnus

A

Risus Sardonicus

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25
Q

What is the mortality rate of neonatal tetanus

A

90%

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26
Q

What causes neonatal tentaus

A

Infected umbilical stump

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27
Q

What causes Poliomyelitits

A

Poliovirus

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28
Q

How many cases of polio as asymptomatic

A

90%

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29
Q

How is polio transmitted

A

Drinking contaminated water

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30
Q

What is the name of the paralysis that polio causes

A

Infantile paralysis postpolio syndrom

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31
Q

What causes Rabies

A

Rabies Virus

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32
Q

What are symptoms of rabies

A 
Pain + itching at site of infection
Fever
Malaise
seizures
Disorientation
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33
Q

How does one get rabies

A

Tranmission usually occurs after a bit from a bat

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34
Q

What is the capsid shape of the rabies virus

A

Bullet shaped

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35
Q

Can someone be saved from rabies once they start to experience symptoms

A

No

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36
Q

What is the vector in all Equine Encephalitis diseases

A

Mosquito vector

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37
Q

Where is Eastern Equine Encephalitis found

A

East of mississippi river

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38
Q

What is another name for Eastern Equine Encephalitis

A

Sleep sickness

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39
Q

Which form of Equine Encephalitis is most deadly

A

Eastern Equine Encephalitis

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40
Q

Where is Western Equine Encephalitis found

A

West of the Mississippi

41
Q

Where is Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis found

A

Texas

42
Q

What are the symptoms of Equine Encephalitis

A

Fever
Muscle pain
Headach
Seizures 3-10 days after bite

43
Q

What causes St.Louis Encephalitis

A

St.louis Encephalitis virus

44
Q

What is the vector for St. Louis Encephalitis

A

Mosquito

45
Q

What causes West Nile Encephalitis

A

West nile virus

46
Q

How many people that get the West Nile virus are asymptomatic

A

80%

47
Q

What is the vector for West Nile Virus

A

Mosquito

48
Q

Were do mosquitoes likely get West Nile virus

A

Dead birds

49
Q

What causes California Encephalitis

A

California Encephalitis virus

50
Q

What is the vector for California Encepahlitis

A

Mosquito

51
Q

What is an Arbovirus

A

A virus that is Transmitted through an arthropod vector

52
Q

What causes Tick Borne Encephalitis

A

Tick borne Encephalitis virus

53
Q

What is the vectorr for Tick born encephalitis

A

Hard Tick

54
Q

What fungus causes Cryptococcal meningitis

A

Cryptococcus neofarmans

55
Q

How can you get Cryptococcal meningitis

A

Inhalation of spores or dried yeast cells

56
Q

What is the most common form of Crytococcal infection

A

Cryptococcal meningitis

57
Q

If left untreated what can crytococcal neofarmans cause

A

Loss of vision

58
Q

What Protozoans can cause African Sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense

Trypanosoma Brucei Rhodesiense

59
Q

What is the vector for African sleeping sickness

A

Tsetse fly

60
Q

What is the most common african sleeping sickness (95%), what causes it

A

West African sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense

61
Q

What is the last common African sleeping sickness (5%), what causes it

A

East African sleeping sickness

62
Q

What protozoans can cause Amebic Meningoencephalopath

A

Acanthamoeba

Naegleria fowleri

63
Q

How can one get the protozoans that cause Amebic Meningoencephalopath

A

Inhalation of contaminated water

64
Q

Which protozoan that causes Amebic Meningoencephalopath is known as the Brain eating amoeba

A

Naeglera Fowleri

65
Q

How quickly does one die when they get Amebic Meningoencephalopath

A

3-7 days

66
Q

What causes Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

A

Prions

67
Q

What are symptoms of Variant Creutzfledt-Jakob disease

A

Insomnia
Weight loss
Memory failure
loss of muscle control

68
Q

What is the most common cause of Variant Creutzfledt-Jakob disease

A

Eating BSE contaminated Beef

69
Q

What is the group of diseases caused by a prion

A

Spongiform Encephalopathy

70
Q

What bacteria causes Trachoma

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis

71
Q

What are the symptoms of Trachoma

A

Eyelids turn inward
Eyelashes scar cornea –> trigger blood vessels
Eventual blindness

72
Q

How can you get Trachoma

A

Bacteria from genitals gets into eye (birth, fomites, fingers)

73
Q

What is the leading cause of nontraumatic blindness in human

A

Chlamydia Trachomatis (Trachoma)

74
Q

What is a Sty

A

Infection of Hair follicle on eyelid

75
Q

What can cause a sty

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

Staphylococcus Epidermidis

76
Q

What is the most likely bacteria to cause a sty

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

77
Q

What Bacteria Causes Opthalmia Neonatorum

A

Neisseria Gonorrhoea

78
Q

How does Opthamlia Neonatorum present

A

Inflammation of cornea of Blindness

79
Q

What is another name of Opthamlia Neonatorum

A

Newborn Conjunctivitis

80
Q

What can cause Pink eye (Conjunctivitis)

A

Staph Aureus
Strep Pneumoniae
Haemophilus aegyptii
Adenovirus

81
Q

What is another name for Pink eye caused by the Adenovirus

A

Swimming pool Conjunctivitis

82
Q

What does bacterial conjunctivitis cause

A

Grittiness/irritation

Mucopurulent discharge

83
Q

What Causes Ocular Herpes

A

HHV-1

84
Q

What can Occular Herpes lead to

A

Blindness

85
Q

Where does HHV-1 stay latent, and travel down in Occular Herpes

A

Stays in Trigeminal Ganglion

Travels down Opthamic Division

86
Q

What fungus causes Occular Candidiasis

A

Candida albicans

87
Q

What are symptoms of Occular Candidiasis

A

Eye pain
Red eye
Blindness

88
Q

What protozoan causes Acanthamoeba Keratinits

A

Acanthamoeba

89
Q

How can one get Ancanthamoeba keratinits

A

Using nonsterile solutions to clean/store contact lenses

90
Q

What causes Loa Loa Filariasis

A

Loa Loa

91
Q

What is Loa Loa

A

a Nematode

92
Q

What is a notable symptom of Loa Loa Filariasis

A

Calabar swelling on the eye

93
Q

What are the vectos for Loa Loa Filariasis

A

Deer Fly

Mango Fly

94
Q

What is Loa Loa Filariasis also known as

A

Subcutaneous Filariasis

Loaiasis

95
Q

What causes Onchocerciasis

A

Onchocerca

96
Q

What is Onchocerca

A

Nematode

97
Q

What are symptoms of Onchocerciasis

A

Long term conrneal inflammation

Blindness

98
Q

What is the vector for Onchocerciasis

A

Black Fly

99
Q

What is Onchocerciasis also called

A

River Blindness

Micro biology (7 decks)

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