Nervous system (1a) Flashcards

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1
Q

Homeostasis

A

Stability in the body (maintaining blood pH, heart rate, breathing rate, etc.)

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2
Q

Nervous system

A

System composed of neurons that sends and receives signals from all over the body (maintains homeostasis)

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3
Q

Endocrine System

A

System composed of hormones that regulate homeostasis

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4
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A
  • made up of the brain and spinal cord
  • integrates and processes info
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5
Q

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

-Sensory receptors and motor defectors branching out into the body
- Brings info back to CNS

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6
Q

Sensory nervous system

A

Brings sensory information in (from periphery to CNS)

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7
Q

Motor nervous system

A

Brings motor information out (from CNS to periphery)

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8
Q

Somatic Motor NS (3)

A
  • Voluntary
  • skeletal muscle contractions
  • Myelinated (Faster)
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9
Q

Autonomic Motor NS (3)

A
  • involuntary
  • automatic functions in organs
  • Heart beat, breathing rate, digestion, etc
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9
Q

Sympathetic autonomic NS (3)

A
  • Stress response
  • Speeds up functions (heart rate, breathing rate)
  • Connect from spinal cord
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9
Q

Parasympathetic Autonomic NS (3)

A
  • Peaceful (rest and digest)
  • slows functions (heart rate, breathing rate)
  • connect from brain
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10
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of neurons

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11
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive stimuli from other neurons

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11
Q

Neuron (2)

A
  • Conducts electrical impulses
  • Basic structure and functional unit of nervous system
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12
Q

Soma

A

Cell body that contains nucleus and cell organelles

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13
Q

Axon

A

Carries impulse to the correct area of the body

14
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Insulating “marshmallows” along some axons

15
Q

Myelinated (2)

A
  • Sheathed
  • Speeds up impulses
16
Q

Unmyelinated

A

no myelin sheath

17
Q

Axon terminal

A

Site of transfer of stimulus to other neurons or organs

18
Q

Glial cells Functions (5)

A
  • Outnumber neurons
  • Support neurons (glue)
  • Provide nutrients for neurons
  • removes waste
  • defend against infection
19
Q

Schwann cells

A

Glial cells in PNS

20
Q

oligodendrocytes

A

Glial Cells in CNS

21
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Uncovered spaces between myelinated sections (marshmallow)

22
Q

Neurilemma

A

Outer membranes of the schwann cells form a layer along the whole axon in the PNS

23
Q

Sensory (afferent) Neurons

A

Brings sensory info to CNS, located in ganglia

24
Q

Ganglion

A

Sensory neurons in the PNS

25
Q

Interneurons

A

Sensory neurons in the CNS

26
Q

Motor (Efferent) Neurons

A

Brings impulses from CNS to effectors, located in the ventral horn of spinal cord

27
Q

Interneurons

A

Link to sensory and motor neurons (only in spine in CNS)

28
Q

Reflex

A

Sudden, unlearned involuntary, response to certain stimuli

29
Q

Reflex arc

A

Stimulus to receptor –> Signal sensory neuron –> Signal interneuron –> Signal motor neuron –> effector –> Response

30
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

-70 mV

31
Q
A