Nervous System Flashcards
What is a neuron?
A cell - A functional unit of the nervous system.
Has:
- cell body
- dendrites (receptive part)
- axon that fires action potentials (sends signal to somewhere else)
What is a nerve?
Bundle of axons from many different neurons in the PNS
List the Neuroglial Cells
- Astrocytes
- Schwaan Cells
- Oligodendrocytes
- Ependymal Cells
- Microglia
- Satellite Cells
Which Neuroglial cells form the blood brain barrier?
Astrocytes
Which Neuroglial cells make myelin in PNS?
Schwaan cells
What do Neuroglial cells do?
They are the supporting cells of the Nervous system. Supporting the Neuron cells by protecting, nourishing and removing debris from the nervous system
Which cells make myelin in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
What are the parts of the brain?
- Cerebrum
- Diencephalon
- Cerebellum
- Brain stem
Which part of the brain contains the hypothalamus, thalamus, pituitary and pineal gland?
The Diencephalon - the core of the cerebrum
Which part of the brain controls equilibrium, proprioception, and coordination?
Cerebellum
Which part of the brain regulates organ activity?
Respiratory center, cardiac center and vasomotor center
Brainstem
What are the three sections of the brain stem?
From superior to inferior
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
What does Broca’s area control?
Speech production
When not functioning unable to produce speech
Brocas for Boca
What does Wernicke’s area control?
Understanding of written and spoken language
When this is not functioning they are not able to process language
What state is the body in?
Eyes - Pupils constricted
Bronchi - Contricted
Heart rate - Decreased
Blood vessels - Dilates
Peristalsis - Promotes
Parasympathetic
What state is the body in?
Eyes - Pupils dialated
Bronchi - Dilate
Heart - Increases HR
Blood Vessels - Contricts (raises bp)
Peristalsis - Suppresses
Sympathetic
What are the layers of the Meninges from deepest to superficial?
Pia Matar (deepest)
Arachnoid matar
Dura Mater (thickest and most superfical layer)
Where is Cerebral Spinal Fluid formed?
Choroid plexus
What is the protective layer that surrounds the brain and spinal cord?
Meninges
What reabsorbs Cerebral Spinal Fluid?
Arachnoid villi
What fluid is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater?
Cerebral Spinal Fluid
What is the naming convention of Spinal Nerves?
In the cervical spine - named for vertebrae below.
- Nerve between C3 and C4 is Spinal Nerve C4
In the Thoracic and Lumbar area - names for vertebrae above
- Nerve between T3 and T4 is Spinal Nerve T3
List the Cranial Nerves
I. Olfactory
II. Optic
III. Oculomotor Nerve
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducens
Which Cranial Nerve is responsible for smell?
Cranial Nerve I - Olfactory
Which Cranial Nerve is responsible for vision?
Cranial Nerve II - Optic Nerve
Which Cranial Nerve moves the eyeball in all directions, raises eyelid, and constricts the pupil?
Cranial Nerve III - Oculomotor
Which cranial nerves move the eyeball?
Cranial Nerves 3, 4, and 6
Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens
Which cranial nerve moves the eyeball down and in (inferior/medial)?
Cranial Nerve IV - Trochlear
Which cranial nerve moves the eyeball laterally?
Cranial Nerve VI - Abducens
Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial sensation and motor for chewing?
Cranial Nerve V - Trigeminal Nerve
Which cranial nerve is responsible for facial expression/movement and sensory taste for upper 2/3 of the tongue?
Cranial Nerve VII - Facial Nerve
Which cranial nerve does Bell’s Palsey impact?
Cranial Nerve VII - Facial Nerve
Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and equilibrium/balance?
Cranial Nerve VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve
What is the receptor for hearing?
Organ of corti within the cochlea of inner ear
Which cranial nerve does Meniere’s disease impact?
Cranial Nerve VIII - Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor swallowing; sensory for taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue
Cranial Nerve IX - Glossopharyngeal
Which cranial nerve is the longest of the cranial nerves - goes to digestive organs, heart & lungs?
Cranial Nerve X - Vagus Nerve
Which cranial nerve controls the SCM and trapezius?
Cranial Nerve XI - Accessory Nerve
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the movement of the tongue?
Cranial Nerve VII - Hypoglossal Nerve
