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Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the functions of the nervous system.

A

Control center of the body, integration of sensory and motor output.

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2
Q

What are the three basic functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory Functions
Integrative Function
Motor Function

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3
Q

Detect both internal and external stimuli.

A

Sensory Functions

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4
Q

Functional unit of Sensory functions

A

Sensory or Afferent Neurons

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5
Q

CNS integrates sensory input and makes decisions regarding appropriate responses

A

Integrative Functions

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6
Q

Functional Unit of the integrative functions.

A

Interneurons or Association Neurons of the Brain and Spinal cord

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7
Q

Response to integration decisions

A

Motor Functions

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8
Q

Functional Unit of the motor functions.

A

Motor or Efferent Neurons

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9
Q

What pathways are in the ventral aspect?

A

Motor pathways

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10
Q

What pathways are in the dorsal aspect?

A

Sensory pathways

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11
Q

Other name for muscle

A

Effector Organ

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12
Q

Give the 5 organizations of the nervous system.

A

Sensory receptor
Sensory neuron
Integrating center
motor neuron
Effector

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13
Q

Responds to a stimulus by producing a generator or receptor potential

A

Sensory receptor

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14
Q

axons conduct impulses from receptor to integrating center

A

Sensory neuron

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15
Q

one or more regions within the CNS that relay impulses from sensory to motor neurons.

A

Integrating center

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16
Q

axons conduct impulses from receptor to effector.

A

Motor neuron

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17
Q

Muscle or gland that responds to motor nerve impulses

A

Effector

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18
Q

Give the parts of the CNS

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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19
Q

Give the parts of the PNS

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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20
Q

Systems of the PNS

A

Autonomic Nervous System and Somatic Nervous System

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21
Q

What are inside the ANS?

A

Heart muscle, smooth muscle, gland

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22
Q

What are inside the SNS?

A

Voluntary skeletal muscle

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23
Q

Give the divisions of the ANS

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic division.

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24
Q

This is the second brain or brain in the gut.

A

Enteric nervous system

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25
Q

It contains cell extensions organized into tracts (axon and myelin)

A

White matter

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26
Q

Contains neuron cell bodies

A

Gray Matter

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27
Q

Give parts of the cell.

A

Cell body (soma)
Dendrites
Axon
Nodes of Ranvier
Axon terminal
Synapse

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28
Q

Control of the cell

A

Soma or Cell body

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29
Q

Receives information from neurotransmitters

A

Dendrites

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30
Q

Carries impulses away from the cell body

A

Axon

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31
Q

these are the gaps in the axon.

A

Nodes of Ranvier

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32
Q

this is the gap in the end of the nerve.

A

synapse

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33
Q

transmit signals to other neurons.

A

Axon terminal

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34
Q

A kind of conduction that is non-myelinated.

A

Continuous conduction

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35
Q

A kind of conduction that is myelinated

A

Saltatory conduction

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36
Q

Organization of the nerve

A

Epineurium
Perineurium
Endoneurium

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37
Q

surrounds NEURON

A

Epineurium

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38
Q

surrounds FASSICLE.

A

Perineurium

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39
Q

surrounds individual AXON

A

Endoneurium

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40
Q

Also called supportive cells of the CNS

A

Neuroglia

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41
Q

Give the kinds of supportive cells in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocyte
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal Cells

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42
Q

form the myelin sheath of the CNS.

A

Oligodendrocytes

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43
Q

form the myelin sheath of the PNS.

A

Schwann cell

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44
Q

Help form the blood-brain barrier and support the appropriate chemical environment for neurons.

A

Astrocytes

45
Q

Phagocytes in the CNS that engulf microbes and cellular debris.

46
Q

Form blood-brain barrier in the brain ventricles and central canal of spinal cord. Produce cerebrospinal fluid and assist in its circulation.

A

Ependymal Cells

47
Q

Describe the cerebrospinal fluid.

A

Colorless and odorless.

48
Q

Explain briefly the information transfer in the synaptic cleft

A

AP nerve terminal
Synaptic vesicles in the axon terminal produce ACh
Ach goes to the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors in the sarcolemma in order to open a channel for sodium
After post reuptake occurs

49
Q

What happens to acetylcholine after it is used?

A

Reuptake occurs (reabsorption) or is broken down by acetylcholinesterase

50
Q

Serve as maps to the brain.

A

Brodmann Areas

51
Q

These are ridges on the cerebral cortex

52
Q

These are depressions in the cerebral cortex.

53
Q

Deep groves in the cerebral cortex.

54
Q

Separate the frontal and the parietal.

A

Central sulcus of Ronaldo

55
Q

BA (4)

A

Primary motor complex

56
Q

BA (6)

A

Premotor Cortex

57
Q

BA (3, 2, 1)

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex

58
Q

BA (5, 7)

A

Somatosensory Association Cortex

59
Q

BA (17)

A

Primary Visual Cortex

60
Q

BA (18, 19)

A

Visual Association Cortex

61
Q

BA (44, 45)

A

Broca’s Area

62
Q

BA (22)

A

Wernicke’s Area

63
Q

Controls voluntary muscles (BA)

A

Primary Motor Complex

64
Q

Damage in BA (4)

A

Paralysis or weakness

65
Q

Supplementary Motor Cortex

A

Premotor Cortex (BA 6)

66
Q

Damage in BA (6)

A

Lose coordination (Apraxia)

67
Q

Sensations (BA)

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex (BA 3, 1, 2)

68
Q

Damage in (3, 1, 2)

A

Loss of sensory

69
Q

Support the Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Somatosensory Association cortex (BA 5, 7)

70
Q

Visual Information

A

Primary Visual Cortex (BA 17)

71
Q

Damage in BA 17

A

Blindness in visual field

72
Q

Supports the primary visual cortex

A

Visual Association Cortex (BA 18, 19)

73
Q

Damage in BA (18, 19)

A

Visual Agnosia

74
Q

Speech production, motor control of language

A

Broca’s Area (BA 44, 45)

75
Q

Problem in BA 44, 45

A

Broca’s Aphasia

76
Q

Language comprehension

A

Wernicke’s Area (BA 22)

77
Q

Problem in BA 22

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

78
Q

Spinal nerve between C1 and C2

A

C2s spinal nerve

79
Q

Spinal nerve between T1 and T2

A

T1 spinal nerve

80
Q

Spinal nerve between L1 and L2

A

L1 spinal nerve

81
Q

Carries signals from the CNS

A

Motor Neurons

82
Q

Carries signals to the CNS

A

Sensory Neurons

83
Q

Two types of Motor Neurons

A

Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

84
Q

Motor neurons that control voluntary movements by activating skeletal muscles.

A

Somatic Nervous System

85
Q

Motor neurons that control involuntary responses involving the organs, glands, and smooth muscles.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

86
Q

Fight or flight

A

Sympathetic Division

87
Q

Rest and rumination

A

Parasympathetic Division

88
Q

What happens to eyes during parasympathetic?

89
Q

What happens to eyes during sympathetic?

90
Q

What happens to Blood vessels during parasympathetic?

91
Q

What happens to Blood vessels during sympathetic?

92
Q

Is protected by the vertebrae.

A

Spinal Cord

93
Q

Nerves, neurons, and sensory organs outside the central nervous system.

A

Peripheral nervous system

94
Q

Types or nerve fibers

A

A fibers
B fibers
C fibers

95
Q

Kinds of A fibes

A

A- alpha
A-beta
A-gamma

96
Q

Largest diameter myelinated fibers/fastest saltatory conduction

97
Q

What does A fibers do?

A

Touch, pressure, temperature

98
Q

How fast in A fibers?

A

12 - 130 m/sec

99
Q

intermediate diameter myelinated fibers /slower Saltatory

100
Q

What does the B fibers do?

A

Nerves of the organs (ANS)

101
Q

Smallest diameter unmyelinated fibers/ continuous conduction

102
Q

What does the C fibers do?

A

Visceral pain sensation

103
Q

How fast is C fibers?

A

0.5 – 2 m/sec

104
Q

BONUS: Sing the types of fibers

A

Se, Se, Mo, Mo, Mix, Mo, Mix, Se, Mix, Mix, Mo, Mo

105
Q

Give all the cranial nerves
(OOOTTAFVGVSH)

A

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
Vestibular
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Spinal Accessory
Hypoglossal

106
Q

Forebrain (prosencephalon) nerves

A

Olfactory (telencephalon)
Optic (diencephalon)

1, 2

107
Q

Midbrain (Diencephalon) nerves

A

Oculomotor
Trochlear

3, 4

108
Q

Brainstem

A

Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

5 - 10, 12

109
Q

Superior Spinal Cord

A

Spinal Accessory

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