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Anaphy > Cell Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Cell Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Basic, living, structural and functional unity of the body.

A

Cell

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2
Q

The three parts of the cell

A

Nucleus
Plasma or Cell membrane
Cytoplasm

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3
Q

Separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.

A

Cell membrane

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4
Q

what layer doe the cell membrane have?

A

semipermeable phospholipid bilayer

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5
Q

water loving head

A

Hydrophilic

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6
Q

water fearful tail

A

Hydrophobic

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7
Q

What are the proteins inside the cell?

A

Peripheral and Integral Proteins

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8
Q

Central processing unit of the cell. Houses DNA

A

Nucleus

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9
Q

Genetic make-up

A

genotype

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10
Q

physical manifestations

A

phenotype

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11
Q

Parts of the cytoplasm

A

Cytosol
Cytoskeleton
Organelles

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12
Q

fluid part of the cytoplasm

A

cytosol

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13
Q

solid portion of the cytoplasm

A

cytoskeleton

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14
Q

digestive function of the cell. phagocyte

A

lysosome (hydrolase)

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15
Q

enzyme, detoxification of harmful substances

A

peroxisome (oxidase)

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16
Q

powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

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17
Q

transportation of substances inside and outside of the cell

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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18
Q

Lipid synthesis ER

A

Smooth ER or Agranular

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19
Q

Protein Synthesis ER

A

Rough ER or granular

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20
Q

process substances transported by ER

A

Golgi apparatus

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21
Q

holds the structure of the cells together

A

Microtubules

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22
Q

Substances that make up your cells

A

Water
Protein
Ions
Lipids
Carbohydrates

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23
Q

How much water is in cells?

A

70-85%

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24
Q

How much water is in the cell of ADULTS?

A

60%

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25
In the 60% elaborate the contents.
40% intracellular fluid 20% extracellular fluid
26
Elaborate the 20% extracellular fluid.
15% intercellular, interstitial, and transcellular 5% plasma
27
How many blood is in a person?
8% of the total body mass.
28
Charged positive particles
Cation
29
Charged negative particles
Anion
30
Primary Cation inside the cell
Potassium
31
Primary Cation outside cell
Sodium
32
Primary Anion Outside the Cell
Chloride
33
Primary Anion Inside the Cell
Organic Anion
34
Secondary Anion Inside the Cell
SO4, PO4
35
Continuous movement of substances
Flow
36
From higher to lower concentration
Passive transport/ Diffusion
37
Goes from high to low concentration (without carrier protein)
Simple Diffusion
38
Example of Simple Diffusion
O2 exchange in alveoli
39
Goes from high to low concentration (with carrier protein)
Facilitated Diffusion
40
Example of Facilitated diffusion
Glucose and Amino acids in small intestines
41
Solutes and solvents Transporation
Osmosis
42
Kinds of osmosis
isotonic hypotonic hypertonic
43
what is the ideal saline?
0.9 NaCl
44
0.9 NaCl r ideal solution of the blood
ISOTONIC
45
More H2O outside
HYPOTONIC (burst)
46
More Na outside of the cell
HYPERTONIC (shrink)
47
Diffusion along semi-permeable membrane
Filtration
48
Working across the concentration grain.
Active Transport
49
Types of transport proteins in active transport
Uniport Symport Antiport
50
1 substance transport
Uniport
51
2 substance transport together and give example
Symport (sodium-glucose)
52
2 substance transport different direction and give example
Antiport (Sodium and potassium)
53
Equilibrium state / steady status (Negative charge)
Resting membrane potential
54
How much is the RMP od muscles?
-90 mV
55
How much is the RMP of nerve?
-70 mV
56
How much is the RMP od cardiac?
-88 mV
57
When a stimulus travelled inside the cell
Action Potential
58
Severed nerves does not propagate (paralyzed). Super-maximal impulse action potential.
All or none law
59
Give the phases of Action potential
RMP Threshold level (-55 mV) Depolarization Repolarization Hyperpolarization
60
What happens during depolarization?
Opening of Na+ channels
61
What happens in Repolarization?
Closure of Na+ and opening of K+ channels
62
What happens in Hyperpolarization?
K+ channels remain open even after reaching RMP.
63
The cell can no longer be stimulated
Refractory Period
64
Cannot fire AP
Absolute
65
Can fire another AP
Relative

Anaphy (5 decks)

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