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Anatomy and Physiology of Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Give some functions of the bones.

A

Supportive framework of the body.
Protect vital organs.
Act as biomechanical levers on which muscles act to produce motion.

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2
Q

What minerals are in bones?

A

Calcium and Phosphorus

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3
Q

Blood cell formation otherwise knowns as

A

Hemopoiesis

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4
Q

Give all the bone features

A

Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Epiphyseal Plate
Articular Cartilage

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5
Q

Main shaft of the bone

A

Diaphysis

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6
Q

Proximal and distal ends of the bone

A

Epiphysis

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7
Q

Between diaphysis and epiphysis

A

Metaphysis

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8
Q

Layer or cartilage present in kids

A

Epiphyseal plate

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9
Q

Smooth white tissue that covers the ends of bones.

A

Articular cartilage

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10
Q

Two major bone types

A

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

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11
Q

Specialized cells for bones

A

Osteogenic cells

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12
Q

Found in the surface of the bone, involved in bone formation/deposition. Make collagen fibers and form the matrix of the bone.

A

Osteoblasts

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13
Q

These are mature bone cells

A

Osteocytes

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14
Q

Embedded deep in the bone, involved in resorption/ breakdown of bone tissues.

A

Osteoclasts

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15
Q

More solid form (bone)

A

Compact bone

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16
Q

Spongy bone

A

Cancellous bone

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17
Q

For compact bone what is it called?

A

Osteon (Haversian Canal)

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18
Q

For cancellous bone what is it called?

A

Trabeculae

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19
Q

Name all the bones in the osteon

A

Volkman’s Canal
Concentric and Interstitial Lamellae
Lacuna
Canaliculus

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20
Q

Passageway of blood vessels

A

Volkman’s Canal

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21
Q

Rings of extracellular matrix

A

Concentric and interstitial lamellae

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22
Q

Spaces between lamellae contain osteocytes

A

Lacuna

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23
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

Canaliculus

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24
Q

What makes up the whole haversian canal?

A

Volkman’s Canal
Concentric and Interstitial Lamellae
Lacuna
Canaliculus

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25
Q

Orientation of the bones decription

A

Cortical outer and cancellous underneath

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26
Q

Give the description of a cortical bone.

A

low porosity, stiff, 5-30% nonmineralized tissue. greater stress but less strain

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27
Q

Give the description of a cancellous bone.

A

high porosity, spongy, 30-90%. Lesser stress but greater strain.

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28
Q

Bones are composed of?

A

Calcium carbonate
Calcium phosphate
collagen
water

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29
Q

How many percent is Calcium carbonate and phosphate in the bone?

A

60-70%

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30
Q

How many percent is water in the bone?

A

25-30%

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31
Q

What is the use of collagen for the bone?

A

Added flexibility and stress (aging causes progressive loss)

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32
Q

Give the bones in the axial skeleton (6)

A

Skull (cranial and facial)
Ear Ossicles
Hyoid Bone
Vertebral Column
Sternum
Ribs

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33
Q

Give the bones in the cranial (6)

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

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34
Q

How many bones are in the cranial?

A

8

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35
Q

What are the bones in the facial?

A

Nasal
Lacrimal
Vomer
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Zygomatic
Maxillae
Palatine
Mandible

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36
Q

How many bones are in the facial?

A

14

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37
Q

What are the bones in the Ear ossicles?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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38
Q

How many bones are there in the ear ossicles?

A

6

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39
Q

How many bones are in the Vertebral column?

40
Q

How many bones in the ribs?

41
Q

How many bones are true ribs?

42
Q

How many bones are false bones?

43
Q

How many bones are floating bones?

44
Q

What are the kinds of bones?

A

Long Bones
Short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
sesamoid bones

45
Q

Consists of Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Bone Marrow

A

Long bones

46
Q

Cuboidal, Composed of Cancelous Bone and covered by Compact Bone

A

Short bones

47
Q

Composed of Tables (outer compact bone) and Diploe (cancellous)

A

Flat bones

48
Q

Includes those who are not assigned to the previous group

A

Irregular bones

49
Q

Connected to tendons (bones)

A

Sesamoid bones

50
Q

Example of long bones

A

Humerus
emur

51
Q

Example of short bones

A

Carpal
Tarsal

52
Q

Example of flat bones

A

Ribs
Skull
Sternum
Scapulae

53
Q

Example of Irregular bones

A

Vertebrae
Ear ossicles
Pelvic bone
Hyoid Bone

54
Q

Example of sesamoid bone

55
Q

Name the classification of bones

A

Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

56
Q

Also called synarthroses

A

fibrous joints

57
Q

Also called amphiathroses

A

Cartilaginous joints

58
Q

Also called Diarthroses

A

Synovial Joints

59
Q

Non-movable/immovable joints, protective in nature. (joints)

A

Synarthroses or Fibrous joints

60
Q

Other name for barely movable.

61
Q

Give examples Synarthroses or Fibrous joints

A

Teeth
sutures
epiphyseal plate

62
Q

Slightly movable joints.

A

Amphiarthroses or Cartilaginous Joints

63
Q

Example of Amphiarthroses or Cartilaginous Joints

A

Pubic Symphysis
Vertebra
Coastal Cartilage

64
Q

Freely movable joints, composed of sleeve-like joint capsule.

A

Diarthroses or synovial Joints

65
Q

Examples of Diarthroses or synovial Joints

A

Knee
Shoulder joints

66
Q

What movements are possible in Sagittal?

A

flexion and extension

67
Q

What movements are possible in Coronal?

A

Abduction and Adduction

68
Q

What movements are possible in transverse?

A

Rotatory movements

69
Q

Enumerate the types of diarthrodial joints

A

Arthrodial
Ginglymus
Trochoid
Condyloid
Enarthrodial
Sellar

70
Q

2 plane or flat bony surfaces which butt against each other

A

Arthrodial (Gliding) Joints

71
Q

Give example of arthrodial joints

A

Vertebral facets in spinal column, intercarpal & intertarsal joints

72
Q

a uniaxial articulation, articular surfaces allow motion in only one plane

A

Ginglymus (Hinge) joint

73
Q

Give example of ginglymus joint

A

Elbow, knee, talocrural (ankle)

74
Q

a uniaxial articulation, turns in a bony ring.

A

Trochoid (Pivot) joint

75
Q

Example of trochoid joint

A

atlantoaxial joint - odontoid

76
Q

biaxial ball & socket joint, one bone with an oval concave surface received by another bone with an oval convex surface

A

Condyloid (Knuckle Joint)

77
Q

Multiaxial or triaxial joint, bony rounded head fitting into a concave articular surface

A

Enarthrodial (ball & socket) Joint

78
Q

unique triaxial joint, 2 reciprocally concave & convex articular surfaces

A

Sellar (Saddle) Joint

79
Q

Components of skeletal system

A

Bones
Cartilage
Tendons
Ligaments

80
Q

How many bones are in the body?

81
Q

How many bones in the axial skeleton?

82
Q

How many bones are in the vertebral column?

83
Q

How many bones in the thoracic cage?

84
Q

How many bones in the pectoral girdle?

85
Q

How many carpal bones?

86
Q

How many tarsal bones?

87
Q

How many phalanges are there?

88
Q

How many metacarpal bones?

89
Q

TOTAL appendicular skeleton bones?

90
Q

Give all the bones in the hand.

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Hamate
Capitate

91
Q

Give all the bones in the foot.

A

Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Medial Cuneiform
Intermediate Cuneiform
Lateral Cuneiform

92
Q

What are the bones in the vertebral column?

A

Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacrum
Coccyx

93
Q

Two parts of the vertebral column?

A

Annulus Fibrosus (herniation)
Nucleus Pulposus

94
Q

Consists of two pairs of bones that attach the upper limb to the body

A

Pectoral girdle

95
Q

A flat, triangular bone that can easily be seen
and felt in a living person

96
Q

long bone with a slight sigmoid (S-shaped) curve. It is easily seen and felt in the living human

Anaphy (5 decks)

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